Dual Processing Model Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the sociometer theory propose about self-esteem?

  • It helps individuals infer their attitudes through social interactions.
  • Low self-esteem indicates social rejection. (correct)
  • It serves as a buffer against the anxiety of mortality.
  • It provides individuals with self-knowledge through introspection.

Which theory proposes that self-esteem buffers against mortality anxiety?

  • Self-serving bias theory
  • Self-perception theory
  • Sociometer theory
  • Terror management theory (correct)

What does the planning fallacy refer to?

  • Underestimating one's coping abilities.
  • Underestimating the costs and risks of future actions. (correct)
  • Overestimating the emotional impact of future events.
  • The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal factors.

Which cognitive processes contribute to individuals gaining self-knowledge?

<p>Self-reflection and introspection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of self-serving bias?

<p>Attributing positive outcomes to internal factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that individuals infer their attitudes and beliefs by observing their own behavior?

<p>Self-perception theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of processing is fast, automatic, and relies on heuristics and shortcuts?

<p>System 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of thinking involves careful analysis and reasoning according to the dual processing model?

<p>System 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves activating specific associations or concepts in memory to influence subsequent thoughts and behaviors?

<p>Priming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when expectations about a person influence their behavior in a way that confirms those expectations?

<p>Self-fulfilling prophecy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of simulation involves mentally imagining events or scenarios that can influence subsequent judgments and decisions?

<p>Simulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can priming with words related to elderly people have on behavior?

<p>Walking more slowly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive bias is described as relying heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making judgments or decisions?

<p>Anchoring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which memory phenomenon occurs when exposure to misleading information distorts memory of an event?

<p>Misinformation effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mental shortcut used to make judgments and decisions quickly and efficiently?

<p>Heuristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heuristic involves judgments based on how well an event or person matches a prototype?

<p>Representativeness heuristic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect leads individuals to incorporate false details into their recollection of an event?

<p>Misinformation effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation does anchoring serve as a reference point for judgments and decisions?

<p>When it is arbitrary or unrelated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-perception theory suggest about attitudes and behaviors?

<p>Behaviors can shape attitudes, especially when attitudes are weak or ambiguous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is external justification in the context of behavior attribution?

<p>Attributing behavior to external factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is overjustification in behavior attribution?

<p>Attributing behavior to external rewards rather than internal motives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Freedman Robot Study, what did agreeing to a small request lead participants to do?

<p>Agree to a larger request (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Stanford Prison Study demonstrate the influence of social roles?

<p>By illustrating how social roles can influence behavior and attitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Kitayama et al. find regarding cognitive dissonance in different cultures?

<p>Individuals from individualistic cultures experience less dissonance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining trust in science crucial according to Oreskes (2019)?

<p>To ensure scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence and rigorous methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are trigger features and how do they relate to dual process theory?

<p>Stimuli that activate automatic responses and relate to the two modes of thinking proposed by dual process theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can upward social comparisons impact self-esteem?

<p>Lead to decreased self-esteem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'self-schema' refer to?

<p>Cognitive structures that guide processing of self-relevant information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do trigger features matter in understanding human responses?

<p>Because they activate automatic responses based on evolutionary or learned associations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of downward social comparisons on self-esteem?

<p>Increase self-esteem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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