Dual Processing Model Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the sociometer theory propose about self-esteem?

  • It helps individuals infer their attitudes through social interactions.
  • Low self-esteem indicates social rejection. (correct)
  • It serves as a buffer against the anxiety of mortality.
  • It provides individuals with self-knowledge through introspection.

    • Which theory proposes that self-esteem buffers against mortality anxiety?

  • Self-serving bias theory
  • Self-perception theory
  • Sociometer theory
  • Terror management theory (correct)

    • What does the planning fallacy refer to?

  • Underestimating one's coping abilities.
  • Underestimating the costs and risks of future actions. (correct)
  • Overestimating the emotional impact of future events.
  • The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal factors.

    • Which cognitive processes contribute to individuals gaining self-knowledge?

    <p>Self-reflection and introspection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of self-serving bias?

    <p>Attributing positive outcomes to internal factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that individuals infer their attitudes and beliefs by observing their own behavior?

    <p>Self-perception theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing is fast, automatic, and relies on heuristics and shortcuts?

    <p>System 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of thinking involves careful analysis and reasoning according to the dual processing model?

    <p>System 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves activating specific associations or concepts in memory to influence subsequent thoughts and behaviors?

    <p>Priming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when expectations about a person influence their behavior in a way that confirms those expectations?

    <p>Self-fulfilling prophecy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of simulation involves mentally imagining events or scenarios that can influence subsequent judgments and decisions?

    <p>Simulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can priming with words related to elderly people have on behavior?

    <p>Walking more slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive bias is described as relying heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making judgments or decisions?

    <p>Anchoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory phenomenon occurs when exposure to misleading information distorts memory of an event?

    <p>Misinformation effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mental shortcut used to make judgments and decisions quickly and efficiently?

    <p>Heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heuristic involves judgments based on how well an event or person matches a prototype?

    <p>Representativeness heuristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect leads individuals to incorporate false details into their recollection of an event?

    <p>Misinformation effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation does anchoring serve as a reference point for judgments and decisions?

    <p>When it is arbitrary or unrelated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-perception theory suggest about attitudes and behaviors?

    <p>Behaviors can shape attitudes, especially when attitudes are weak or ambiguous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is external justification in the context of behavior attribution?

    <p>Attributing behavior to external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is overjustification in behavior attribution?

    <p>Attributing behavior to external rewards rather than internal motives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Freedman Robot Study, what did agreeing to a small request lead participants to do?

    <p>Agree to a larger request</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Stanford Prison Study demonstrate the influence of social roles?

    <p>By illustrating how social roles can influence behavior and attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kitayama et al. find regarding cognitive dissonance in different cultures?

    <p>Individuals from individualistic cultures experience less dissonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining trust in science crucial according to Oreskes (2019)?

    <p>To ensure scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence and rigorous methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are trigger features and how do they relate to dual process theory?

    <p>Stimuli that activate automatic responses and relate to the two modes of thinking proposed by dual process theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can upward social comparisons impact self-esteem?

    <p>Lead to decreased self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'self-schema' refer to?

    <p>Cognitive structures that guide processing of self-relevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do trigger features matter in understanding human responses?

    <p>Because they activate automatic responses based on evolutionary or learned associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of downward social comparisons on self-esteem?

    <p>Increase self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

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