Endocrine Path Slide 1

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Questions and Answers

What is Hyperpituitarism?

  • A deficiency of hormones produced by the thyroid gland
  • A condition caused by the underproduction of insulin
  • A condition characterized by excessive secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland (correct)
  • An abnormal growth in the adrenal glands

What is the most common cause of Hyperpituitarism?

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Pancreatic tumor
  • Functional pituitary adenoma (correct)
  • Adrenal insufficiency

Hyperpituitarism will commonly affect which 3 hormones?

  • GH, Prolactin, or ACTH (correct)
  • TSH, FSH, or LH
  • Insulin, Glucagon, or Cortisol
  • Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, or Serotonin

Why do visual field disturbances occur in hyperpituitarism?

<p>Increased pressure from an expanding pituitary tumor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Gigantism and Acromegaly?

<p>Gigantism occurs in childhood before growth plates close, while Acromegaly occurs in adulthood after growth plates close. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common signs and symptoms of Gigantism? (Select all that apply)

<p>Excessive growth of bones and tissues (A), Joint pain (C), Cardiomegaly and valve disorders (@), Muscle weakness (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some treatments that can work for Gigantism? (Select all that apply)

<p>Surgery to remove the tumor (A), Radiation therapy (B), Medication to lower growth hormone levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are no contraindications when treating gigantism with massage.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Acromegaly?

<p>Overproduction of growth hormone (GH) during adult years, after the closing of the epiphyseal plate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology of Acromegaly?

<p>Pituitary adenoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common sign and symptom of Acromegaly?

<p>Excessive growth of face, hands and feet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic practice for Acromegaly?

<p>Blood test for growth hormone levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is more likely to get Acromegaly?

<p>Equal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of treatment is commonly used for Acromegaly?

<p>Surgical removal of the tumor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for Acromegaly?

<p>Decreased life expectancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications (CI) when treating Acromegaly in massage therapy?

<p>No CI's (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Prolactinoma?

<p>A type of brain tumor that produces excessive prolactin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for Prolactinoma?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does Prolactinoma most likely occur?

<p>25-35 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sex is most likely to get Prolactinoma?

<p>Female (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

H/A, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, loss of libido, impotence, and decreased bone density will most likely occur in which condition?

<p>Prolactinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Laboratory testing that focuses on finding the serum prolactin (PRL) is a diagnostic tool for which condition?

<p>Prolactinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stress can increase the chances of prolactinoma.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment method for treating Prolactinoma? (Select all that apply)

<p>Radiation therapy (B), Surgery (A), Medications (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prognosis for Prolactinoma is poor.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications (CIs) of massage when treating someone with Prolactinoma?

<p>No contraindications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cushing's Disease and Syndrome formed from?

<p>Hypercortisolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Cushing's Disease and Cushing's Syndrome?

<p>Cushing's Disease specifically refers to a tumor in the pituitary gland causing excess ACTH, while Cushing's Syndrome refers to any condition that causes excess cortisol. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cushing's Disease?

<p>Benign pituitary adenoma that secretes excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), causing adrenal hypersecretion of cortisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology of Cushing's Disease?

<p>No known risk factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age range is most likely to have Cushing's Disease?

<p>20-50 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A large face and trunk, but thin arms and legs is an indication of which condition?

<p>Cushing's Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a sign or symptom of Cushing's Disease?

<p>Hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is the dexamethasone suppression test used to diagnose?

<p>Cushing's disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For Cushing's Disease, is surgical excision of the tumor typically performed with or without radiation?

<p>Both with and without radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient comes into the clinic for a massage and states that they have Cushing's Disease. What should the therapist be aware of prior to the treatment?

<p>Bone density may be affected, meaning lighter pressure should be applied. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hypopituitarism?

<p>A condition characterized by decreased hormone production from the pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sheehan Syndrome is associated with which conditions? (Select all that apply)

<p>Hypopituitarism (A), Empty Sella Syndrome (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a symptom of Hypopituitarism?

<p>Increased thirst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Decreased GH before puberty indicates which condition?

<p>Pituitary dwarfism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reduction in ADH production indicates which condition?

<p>Diabetes Insipidus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed to confirm Hypopituitarism?

<p>Imaging and basal/provocative laboratory tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which treatment does the removal of a tumor and replacement of hormones take place?

<p>Hypopituitarism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Empty Sella Syndrome?

<p>A rare condition where the sella turcica is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not an etiology of Empty Sella Syndrome?

<p>Hypothyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign or symptom of Empty Sella Syndrome?

<p>Headache (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic tools are commonly used for Empty Sella Syndrome?

<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (A), Computed Tomography (CT) scan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hormone replacement therapy is used for Empty Sella Syndrome.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Pituitary Dwarfism?

<p>A condition resulting from a deficiency of growth hormone, leading to below-average height. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many people are affected by Pituitary Dwarfism?

<p>750 people per million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The etiology of Pituitary Dwarfism includes which of the following options? (Select all that apply)

<p>Genetic mutations (B), Pituitary tumours (A), Idiopathic (@), Head trauma (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Delayed tooth development is a symptom of Pituitary Dwarfism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is used for Pituitary Dwarfism?

<p>Hormone replacement therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Diabetes Insipidus defined?

<p>A condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of Diabetes Insipidus?

<p>Central Diabetes Insipidus (A), Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the two types of Diabetes Insipidus differ?

<p>One is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) while the other is caused by insensitivity to ADH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the 2 types of Diabetes Insipidus with their definitions:

<p>Central Diabetes Insipidus = Results from insufficient production of the hormone vasopressin (ADH) Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus = Occurs due to the kidneys' inability to respond to vasopressin (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a symptom of Diabetes Insipidus?

<p>Weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

GGT is a diagnostic tool for which condition?

<p>Diabetes insipidus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes Insipidus is treated with which of the following?

<p>Vasopressin/desmopressin nasal spray (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes Insipidus has dangerous outcomes even when treated.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes Insipidus has major contraindications during a massage therapy treatment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cushing's Syndrome?

<p>A condition caused by excessive cortisol production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology for Cushing’s Syndrome?

<p>Administration of exogenous glucocorticoids or ACTH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cushing's Syndrome has similar symptoms to Cushing's Disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a treatment approach for Cushing's Syndrome?

<p>Corticosteroid replacement therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adrenal insufficiency?

<p>Rare endocrine disorder wherein the adrenal glands do not produce enough glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids​ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most likely to be affected by Adrenal Insufficiency?

<p>30-50 year olds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology difference between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency?

<p>Primary adrenal insufficiency is due to congenital hypoplasia/hyperplasia, infection, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, metastatic carcinoma, while secondary is due to inflammation (TB) or neoplasm of hypothalamus/pituitary gland or long-term steroid administration/steroid-producing neoplasm (causes hypothalamic-pituitary suppression) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Adrenal Insufficiency?

<p>Addison's Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are severe symptoms of Adrenal Insufficiency? (Select all that apply)

<p>Nausea and vomiting (A), Abdominal pain (C), Extreme fatigue (D), Hyponatremia (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the serum cortisol and ACTH levels with their corresponding type of adrenal insufficiency.

<p>Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Low ACTH, Low Cortisol (B), Primary Adrenal Insufficiency - High ACTH, Low Cortisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hyperaldosteronism?

<p>A condition characterized by excess production of aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the results of hyperaldosteronism in the body? (Select all that apply)

<p>Hypertension (A), Hypokalemia (C), Metabolic alkalosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Conn's Syndrome associated with?

<p>Primary aldosteronism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Hyperpituitarism?

Excessive hormone secretion from the pituitary gland.

Most common cause of Hyperpituitarism?

A functional pituitary adenoma.

Hormones commonly affected by Hyperpituitarism?

GH, Prolactin, or ACTH.

Why visual field disturbances in hyperpituitarism?

Increased pressure from an expanding pituitary tumor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gigantism vs. Acromegaly?

Gigantism occurs before growth plate closure, Acromegaly after.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Common signs of Gigantism?

Excessive growth of bones and tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatments for Gigantism?

Surgery

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Acromegaly?

Overproduction of growth hormone (GH) during adulthood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Etiology of Acromegaly?

Pituitary adenoma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Most common sign of Acromegaly?

Excessive growth of face, hands, and feet.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diagnostic practice for Acromegaly?

Blood test for growth hormone levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who is more likely to get Acromegaly?

Equal likelihood.

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Common treatment for Acromegaly?

Surgical removal of the tumor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prognosis for Acromegaly?

Decreased life expectancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Prolactinoma?

A type of brain tumor that produces excessive prolactin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

At what age does Prolactinoma most likely occur?

25-35 years

Signup and view all the flashcards

Which sex is most likely to get Prolactinoma?

Female

Signup and view all the flashcards

H/A, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, loss of libido, impotence, and decreased bone density will most likely occur in which condition?

Prolactinoma

Signup and view all the flashcards

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