DSM-5 PTSD in Young Children (≦6yo) Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which two diagnoses have been recently introduced in diagnostic manuals?

PTSD in Young Children (PTSDYC) (correct)

PTSD in Middle-Aged Adults (PTSDMA)

PTSD in Adolescents (PTSDYA)

PTSD in Older Adults (PTSDOA)

According to the DSM-5, what is the key feature of trauma?

Perception of threat to physical integrity or life (correct)

Experiencing a traumatic event directly

Witnessing a traumatic event happening to others

Learning about a traumatic event happening to a parent or caregiver

What percentage of young people have experienced trauma by age 18, according to a UK epidemiological study?

75%

31% (correct)

10%

50%

What is the definition of trauma?

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence Signup and view all the answers

When do most reactions to a traumatic event subside?

Within one month Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of PTSD according to the DSM-5?

Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts or feelings Signup and view all the answers

What are some risk factors for developing PTSD?

Experiencing direct interpersonal assault or threat Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which of the following is a key factor in the development of PTSD?

Cognitive factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of trauma-focused CBT?

Improving processing and making meaning in association with the trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT recommended as a frontline treatment for children with PTSD?

Medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the trauma memory according to Ehlers and Clark's model?

Disjointed and fragmented Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between PTSD and other conditions?

PTSD increases the risk of other conditions above and beyond the effects of having a trauma. Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the term used to describe the long-term impact of abusive or neglectful experiences on children's brain development?

Latent vulnerability Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the three different brain systems that can be affected by traumatic experiences in childhood?

Reward, memory, and threat systems Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the term used to describe the increased prominence of negative memories and decreased detail in everyday memories following trauma?

Salience Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of PTSD in young children according to the DSM-5?

Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts or feelings and external reminders of the event Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the CBT-3M treatment for young children with PTSD?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why is trauma-focused exposure work important in treating PTSD?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Is complex PTSD more common in young children following a single traumatic event?

No Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which therapy is suggested as a second line treatment for PTSD in children who do not respond to CBT?

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main considerations for supporting trauma exposed children, as mentioned in the text?

Listening and talking about the trauma Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, why is PTSD poorly identified in young children?

Early focus on war induced PTSD which is adult focused Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the adaptations made to the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD in children 6 years and younger?

Less emphasis on avoidance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key point about childhood trauma and PTSD?

Childhood trauma exposure is common, childhood PTSD is not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for both PTSD and Complex PTS in children?

Trauma-focused CBT Signup and view all the answers

What is the perception of threat in relation to trauma?

Perceived threat is what makes the effect traumatic for the child. Signup and view all the answers

What might get in the way of completing exposure-based treatment with children?

Lack of trust and rapport Signup and view all the answers

What clinician-based factors might influence treatment delivery?

Concern about doing harm Signup and view all the answers

What is a key task for clinicians in relation to PTSD in children?

Fitting the theory of what is causing someone's difficulties to their experience Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Recent Diagnoses

Two new diagnoses introduced in recent diagnostic manuals: Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders.

Key Features of Trauma

Trauma encompasses experiences that overwhelm an individual’s ability to cope.

Prevalence of Trauma

By age 18, approximately 60% of young individuals have experienced at least one traumatic event, based on a UK epidemiological study.

Definition of Trauma

Trauma is defined as an emotional response to an event that is distressing or harmful.

Reactions to Traumatic Events

Most reactions to traumatic events tend to subside within a few days to weeks after the incident.

PTSD Characteristics

A major characteristic of PTSD in the DSM-5 is re-experiencing the traumatic event through intrusive thoughts or flashbacks.

Risk Factors for PTSD

Common risk factors for developing PTSD include prior trauma experience, lack of social support, and ongoing stressors.

Key Factor in PTSD Development

A significant factor in developing PTSD is the severity and duration of the trauma experienced.

Focus of Trauma-Focused CBT

The main focus of trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is to address and process the trauma directly.

Non-Recommended Treatments for Children

Medication is not recommended as a frontline treatment for children with PTSD.

Nature of Trauma Memory

According to Ehlers and Clark's model, the nature of trauma memory is fragmented and disorganized, impacting memory processing.

PTSD and Other Conditions

PTSD often co-occurs with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, complicating diagnosis and treatment.

Long-term Impact of Trauma

The term "toxic stress" describes the long-term impact of abusive or neglectful experiences on children's brain development.

Affected Brain Systems

Childhood trauma can impact three primary brain systems: the limbic system, the prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala.

Negative Memory Changes

A term describing the increased prominence of negative memories and reduced detail in everyday memories after trauma is "memory fragmentation."

PTSD Symptoms in Children

A symptom of PTSD in young children, according to the DSM-5, may include re-enacting the traumatic event through play.

Focus of CBT-3M

The CBT-3M treatment specifically aims to help young children process trauma and develop coping strategies.

Importance of Exposure Work

Trauma-focused exposure work is vital in treating PTSD, as it helps individuals confront and integrate traumatic memories.

Complex PTSD in Children

Complex PTSD is more likely to occur in young children following exposure to repeated traumatic events rather than a single incident.

Second-line Treatment for PTSD

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is suggested as a second-line treatment for children failing to respond to CBT.

Supporting Trauma-Exposed Children

One main consideration for supporting trauma-exposed children includes creating a safe and nurturing environment.

Identification of PTSD in Young Children

PTSD is often poorly identified in young children due to the lack of clear communication of symptoms.

Adaptations for Young Children

DSM-5 criteria for PTSD include adaptations for children aged six years and younger, focusing on behavioral symptoms.

Key Points on Childhood Trauma and PTSD

A crucial point is that early traumatic experiences can have lasting effects on emotional and cognitive development in children.

Recommended Treatment for PTSD in Children

The recommended treatment strategy for both PTSD and Complex PTSD in children is trauma-focused CBT.

Perception of Threat

Trauma alters the perception of threat, leading to increased anxiety and hypervigilance in children exposed to trauma.

Challenges in Exposure-Based Treatment

Factors such as fear, trauma-related anxiety, and the child's developmental stage may hinder completing exposure-based treatments.

Clinician-based Influences

Clinician-based factors that might influence treatment delivery include their level of experience with trauma-informed care and biases.

Key Task for Clinicians

A key task for clinicians is to build trust and rapport with children to facilitate the therapeutic process in addressing PTSD.

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Description

Test your knowledge on DSM-5 PTSD in Young Children (≦6yo) subtype (PTSDYC) and improve your understanding of re-experiencing, avoidance, negative self-concept, and arousal symptoms. Assess your understanding of emotional distress, physical reactivity, and avoidance of trauma-related thoughts and reminders.