Drugs for Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary pharmacodynamic effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?

  • Decrease myocardial oxygen demand
  • Increase sodium and water retention
  • Inhibit calcium ion movement
  • Block Angiotensin II receptors (correct)

    • What nursing consideration is critical when administering Calcium Channel Blockers?

  • Ensure the patient avoids grapefruit juice (correct)
  • Avoid administering on an empty stomach
  • Administer with potassium supplements
  • Monitor for renal function

    • What is the primary pharmacodynamic action of nitrates?

  • Block sodium channels
  • Increase myocardial oxygen demand
  • Relax vascular smooth muscle (correct)
  • Decrease intracellular calcium

    • Which of the following drugs is classified as a Beta Blocker?

    <p>Metoprolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiarrhythmic drug class primarily blocks sodium channels?

    <p>Class I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant nursing consideration for patients taking Diuretics?

    <p>Monitor electrolytes, dehydration, and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse effect associated with Vasodilators?

    <p>Reflex tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing consideration is crucial when administering Ranolazine?

    <p>Avoid grapefruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which beta-blocker action primarily reduces myocardial oxygen demand?

    <p>Decreasing heart rate and contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential parameter should be monitored when using Renin Inhibitors?

    <p>Potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT an indication for Beta Blockers?

    <p>Severe hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common nursing consideration for Class III antiarrhythmics?

    <p>Monitor for pulmonary and hepatic toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mnemonic can be used to remember the pharmacological effect of ARBs?

    <p>ARBs Avoid Receptor Binding for BP control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanisms do Calcium Channel Blockers utilize in the treatment of arrhythmias?

    <p>Block calcium channels and slow conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary indication for Digoxin?

    <p>Heart failure and arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pharmacodynamic effect is associated with Amiodarone?

    <p>Prolong repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gastrin in the digestive system?

    <p>Stimulates the production of gastric juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of histamine 2 receptors?

    <p>Bind to histamine to stimulate stomach acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the process of peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Cyclic contraction of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from putrefaction in the colon?

    <p>Production of gases such as methane and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of the upper gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of the nervous plexus?

    <p>Promotes parasympathetic stimulation of digestive activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is primarily associated with the expulsion of food from the stomach?

    <p>Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cAMP in pharmacodynamics related to muscle contraction?

    <p>Increases intracellular calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with the large intestine?

    <p>Absorption of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does carbohydrate digestion initially begin?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the vomiting reflex?

    <p>Chemoreceptor trigger zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ in the digestive system?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for protein digestion starting in the stomach?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the gall bladder play in digestion?

    <p>Stores and concentrates bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex stimulates the intestines following stomach stretching?

    <p>Gastroenteric reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes fat digestion?

    <p>Starts and finishes in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of histamine 2 receptor antagonists like Ranitidine?

    <p>Block histamine receptors to reduce HCl secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing consideration is important when administering anti-emetics?

    <p>Monitoring for CNS effects like dizziness or drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of proton pump inhibitors like Omeprazole?

    <p>Respiratory symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of anti-peptic drugs like Sucralfate?

    <p>Coat the stomach lining to protect from acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of laxatives such as Bisacodyl?

    <p>Stimulate peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing consideration is crucial for patients taking antacids?

    <p>Providing education on timing with other medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with opioids used for gastrointestinal issues?

    <p>Addiction risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter should be monitored to prevent complications from GI medications?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bulk-forming agents in gastrointestinal treatments?

    <p>Increase stool bulk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is used to suppress the vomiting center in the brain?

    <p>Phenothiazines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with H2 blockers, such as Ranitidine?

    <p>Diarrhea or constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anti-diarrheal agent works by decreasing peristalsis in the colon?

    <p>Loperamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial nursing consideration should be taken when administering antacids?

    <p>Monitor kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism do 5-HT3 receptor blockers primarily utilize?

    <p>Blocking signals from the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is indicated for patients experiencing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

    <p>Magnesium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do opium derivatives have on gastrointestinal motility?

    <p>Block nerve impulses and reduce peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drugs for Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions

    • Antihistamines (Treat Allergies):

      • First-generation (Sedating): Chlorphenamine, Diphenhydramine
        • Cross the blood-brain barrier → Cause drowsiness
        • Used for runny nose, sneezing, and allergic reactions
      • Second-generation (Non-Sedating): Claritin, Cetirizine
        • Do not cross the blood-brain barrier → Less likely to cause drowsiness
        • Preferred for daytime allergy relief
      • Mnemonic: First-gen: "Drowsy Diphenhydramine Dreams." Second-gen: "Clear with Claritin."

    • Drugs for Common Colds (Nasal Decongestion):

      • Phenylephrine: Constricts blood vessels in nasal passages → Reduces swelling and congestion
      • Caution: Prolonged use may cause rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa)
      • Mnemonic: "Phenylephrine Fights Flared Nostrils."

    • Cough Drugs:

      • Expectorants (Thin mucus): Guaifenesin
        • Loosens mucus, making it easier to cough up
      • Antitussives (Cough Suppressants):
        • Non-narcotic: Dextromethorphan, Butamirate → Suppress cough reflex without addiction
        • Narcotic: Codeine → Stronger but risk of dependency

    Drugs for Lower Respiratory Tract Conditions

    • Bronchodilators (Relieve Airway Constriction):

      • Xanthine Derivatives: Aminophylline (theophylline derivative)
        • Therapeutic range: 10-20 mcg/mL
        • Signs of toxicity:
          • Nausea (>20 mcg/mL)
          • Tremor (>35 mcg/mL)
      • Sympathomimetic Bronchodilators:
        • Short-acting (SABA): Albuterol → Rapid relief (onset: 20 min, lasts 4-6 hrs)
        • Long-acting (LABA): Terbutaline → Preventative (lasts 12 hrs)
      • Anticholinergic Bronchodilators: Ipratropium Bromide
        • Reduces airway constriction by blocking parasympathetic signals
      • Mnemonic: "X, S, A for Airways" → Xanthine, Sympathomimetic, Anticholinergic.

    • Steroids (Control Inflammation):

      • Examples: Beclomethasone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone
      • Key Considerations:
        • Use bronchodilators first, then steroids (to open airways for steroid absorption)
        • Rinse mouth after inhalation (to prevent oral thrush)
        • Never abruptly stop steroids → Always taper off.

    Anti-Asthma Drugs

    • Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists: Montelukast
      • Reduces inflammation and airway constriction caused by leukotrienes
      • Used for long-term asthma control
    • Mast Cell Stabilizers: Cromolyn Sodium
      • Prevent histamine release from mast cells
      • Used as a preventative measure in asthma
      • Mnemonic: "Montelukast & Mast Cell Stabilizers Manage Asthma."

    Nursing Considerations for Respiratory Drugs

    • Teach breathing and coughing techniques to clear secretions
    • Encourage hydration (8+ glasses/day) to loosen mucus
    • Positioning: Upright for easier breathing
    • Monitor vital signs (BP and HR, especially with bronchodilators)
    • Encourage smoking cessation to improve drug effectiveness

    Quick Memory Tips

    • ABCD for Bronchodilators:
      • A: Aminophylline (Xanthine)
      • B: Bronchodilators (SABA/LABA, Anticholinergic)
      • C: Corticosteroids
      • D: Drugs for cough (Expectorants/Antitussives)
    • PEMM for Mucus Management:
      • P: Phenylephrine (Decongestant)
      • E: Expectorants (Guaifenesin)
      • M: Mucolytics (Carbocisteine)
      • M: Mast cell stabilizers (Cromolyn Sodium)

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    Related Documents

    Respiratory Drugs Explained - PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on various drugs used to treat upper respiratory tract conditions, including antihistamines and nasal decongestants. Gain knowledge on the differences between first-generation and second-generation antihistamines, as well as common cold medications. Test your understanding of these important pharmacological concepts!

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