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Questions and Answers
What is the therapeutic use of Ondansetron (Zofran)?
What is the class of Methotrexate?
What is the prototype of H2 Blockers?
What is the therapeutic use of Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)?
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What is the class of Famotidine?
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What class of drugs is represented by Verapamil, a prototype drug that treats hypertension?
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What is the therapeutic use of Furosemide, a loop diuretic?
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What is the prototype drug of Class III antiarrhythmics, which are potassium channel blockers?
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What is the therapeutic use of Hydralazine, a vasodilator?
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What class of drugs is represented by Ezetimibe, a prototype drug that treats high cholesterol?
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Study Notes
Here are the study notes:
- Drugs to Treat Hypertension*
RASS Drugs
- Class: ACE Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
- Prototype: Lisinopril & Losartan
- Class: Aldosterone Antagonists
- Prototype: Eplerenone (Inspra) & Spironolactone (potassium-sparing diuretic)
- Class: Direct Renin Inhibitors
- Prototype: Aliskiren
- Class: Thiazide Diuretics
- Prototype: Hydrochlorothiazide
Vasodilators
- Class: Calcium Channel Blockers
- Prototype: Nifedipine & Verapamil (Calan)
- Class: Direct Vasodilators
- Prototype: Hydralazine (dilate arterials) & Isosorbide Dinitrate (dilate veins)
- Class: Sodium Nitroprusside
- Prototype: Sodium Nitroprusside (has a direct effect on blood vessels)
- Drugs to Treat Heart Failure*
Heart Failure Drugs
- Class: Vasodilators
- Prototype: Hydralazine (dilate arterials) & Isosorbide Dinitrate (dilate veins)
- Class: Loop Diuretics
- Prototype: Furosemide (Lasix)
- Class: Cardiac Glycosides
- Prototype: Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- Class: Inotropes
- Prototype: Dopamine (has some alpha 1 effects) & Dobutamine (selective for beta 1)
- Drugs to Treat Cardiac Rhythms*
Cardiac Rhythm Drugs (Part 1)
- Class: 1A Antiarrhythmics
- Prototype: Quinidine
- Class: 1B Antiarrhythmics
- Prototype: Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
- Class: II Antiarrhythmics
- Prototype: Propranolol (Inderal)
- Class: III Antiarrhythmics (Potassium Channel Blockers)
- Prototype: Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Cardiac Rhythm Drugs (Part 2)
- Class: IV Antiarrhythmics (Calcium Channel Blockers)
- Prototype: Verapamil
- Class: V Antiarrhythmics
- Prototype: Adenosine
- Class: Cardiac Glycosides
- Prototype: Digoxin
- Drugs to Treat Angina*
Angina Drugs
- Class: Organic Nitrates
- Prototype: Nitroglycerin
- Class: Beta Blockers
- Prototype: Metoprolol
- Class: Calcium Channel Blockers
- Prototype: Verapamil & Nifedipine
- Drugs to Treat High Cholesterol*
Cholesterol Medications
- Class: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- Prototype: Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- Class: Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
- Prototype: Ezetimibe (Zetia)
- Class: Bile Acid Sequestrants
- Prototype: Colesevelam (Welchol)
- Class: Niacin
- Prototype: Niaspan
- Class: CAM (Omega-3 Fatty Acids)
- Prototype: Lovaza (Fish Oil)
- Drugs to Treat Thromboembolic Disorders*
Anticoagulants
- Class: Unfractioned Heparin
- Prototype: Heparin
- Class: Low Molecular Weight Heparin
- Prototype: Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- Class: Vitamin K Antagonists
- Prototype: Warfarin (Coumadin)
- Class: Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
- Prototype: Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
- Class: Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors
- Prototype: Rivaroxaban
- Drugs to Treat PUD & GERD*
PUD & GERD Drugs
- Class: Antiplatelet Drugs
- Prototype: Aspirin
- Class: P2Y12 ADP Receptor Antagonists
- Prototype: Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Class: Thrombolytics
- Prototype: Alteplase (tPa)### Anti-Ulcer Drugs
- Antisecrettory agents (Pylori eradication) include antibiotics and neutralize acid or pepsin.
- H2 blockers (e.g. Famotidine) reduce acid production.
- PPIs (e.g. Omeprazole) inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme.
- Mucosal protectants (e.g. Sucralfate) protect the stomach lining.
- Antacids (e.g. Calcium Carbonate) neutralize stomach acid.
Therapeutic Use
- To treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and erosive esophagitis.
Adverse Effects
- Diarrhea, headache, and abdominal pain.
Individual Variations
- Variations in patient response and dosage.
DDIs
- Drug interactions with antacids, histamine blockers, and PPIs.
Nursing Implications
- Monitor for signs of GERD, educate patients on medication administration, and provide support for side effects.
Autoimmune Diseases
- Classifications include disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) and biologics.
Prototype Drugs
- Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) and Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) for DMARDS.
- Etanercept (Enbrel) and Predisone for biologics.
Therapeutic Use
- To treat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.
Adverse Effects
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Individual Variations
- Variations in patient response and dosage.
DDIs
- Drug interactions with NSAIDs and other immunosuppressants.
Nursing Implications
- Monitor for signs of autoimmune disease, educate patients on medication administration, and provide support for side effects.
Vaccines
- Classifications include inactivated, conjugate, and live vaccines.
Prototype Vaccines
- Inactivated influenza vaccine (e.g. Trivalent).
- Conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (e.g. PCV13).
- Live zoster vaccine (e.g. Zostavax).
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (e.g. Pfizer, Moderna).
Therapeutic Use
- To prevent influenza, pneumonia, and COVID-19.
Adverse Effects
- Injection site reactions, fever, and headache.
Individual Variations
- Variations in patient response and dosage.
DDIs
- Drug interactions with immunoglobulins and other vaccines.
Nursing Implications
- Monitor for signs of vaccine-preventable disease, educate patients on vaccination administration, and provide support for side effects.
Anti-Nausea and Vomiting Drugs
- Classifications include serotonin antagonists, dopamine antagonists, and anticholinergics.
Prototype Drugs
- Ondansetron (Zofran) for serotonin antagonists.
- Promethazine (Phenergan) for dopamine antagonists.
- Scopolamine (Transderm Scop) for anticholinergics.
Therapeutic Use
- To treat nausea and vomiting.
Adverse Effects
- Headache, dizziness, and diarrhea.
Individual Variations
- Variations in patient response and dosage.
Nursing Implications
- Monitor for signs of nausea and vomiting, educate patients on medication administration, and provide support for side effects.
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Description
This quiz covers different types of drugs used to treat hypertension, including RASS, Diuretics, ACE Inhibitors, and more. Learn about the classification and mechanisms of action of these drugs.
