Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Chapter 1, the principal social psychological factor in determining the presence of an individual's drug abuse is __________.
According to Chapter 1, the principal social psychological factor in determining the presence of an individual's drug abuse is __________.
motivation
According to Erich Goode, ___________ refers to using licit drugs such as alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine to achieve a certain mental or psychic state.
According to Erich Goode, ___________ refers to using licit drugs such as alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine to achieve a certain mental or psychic state.
legal recreational
Advertising over-the-counter drugs relays the message that if you are experiencing some symptoms, taking drugs is an acceptable option.
Advertising over-the-counter drugs relays the message that if you are experiencing some symptoms, taking drugs is an acceptable option.
True
A variety of data sources suggest that drug use and abuse is quite common amongst arrestees, being under the influence at the time of arrest and/or drugs as an influential factor is crime commission.
A variety of data sources suggest that drug use and abuse is quite common amongst arrestees, being under the influence at the time of arrest and/or drugs as an influential factor is crime commission.
Signup and view all the answers
The use of _______ drugs causes far more deaths, sickness, violent crimes, economic loss, and other social problems than the use of all other drugs combined.
The use of _______ drugs causes far more deaths, sickness, violent crimes, economic loss, and other social problems than the use of all other drugs combined.
Signup and view all the answers
Cultural factors account for how drug use behavior develops from the physical surroundings in which the drug is taken.
Cultural factors account for how drug use behavior develops from the physical surroundings in which the drug is taken.
Signup and view all the answers
Drugs prescribed by a physician to prevent or treat symptoms are generally referred to as __________.
Drugs prescribed by a physician to prevent or treat symptoms are generally referred to as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
__________ drugs refer to types of drugs that lead to the use of other more addictive types of drugs.
__________ drugs refer to types of drugs that lead to the use of other more addictive types of drugs.
Signup and view all the answers
Employees who engage in drug use are more likely to be absent from their job.
Employees who engage in drug use are more likely to be absent from their job.
Signup and view all the answers
In contrast to the past, today's drug addiction mainly refers to __________.
In contrast to the past, today's drug addiction mainly refers to __________.
Signup and view all the answers
According to Becker, individuals come to experience the effects and pleasures of a drug through __________.
According to Becker, individuals come to experience the effects and pleasures of a drug through __________.
Signup and view all the answers
According to control theory, individuals with weak bonds to conventional activity are more likely to engage in drug use.
According to control theory, individuals with weak bonds to conventional activity are more likely to engage in drug use.
Signup and view all the answers
Addiction can be described as a complex disease.
Addiction can be described as a complex disease.
Signup and view all the answers
Adolescents from divorced parents are more likely to use drugs than children from intact families that are not divorced.
Adolescents from divorced parents are more likely to use drugs than children from intact families that are not divorced.
Signup and view all the answers
All the major biological explanations related to drug abuse assume that these substances exert their __________ effects by altering brain chemistry or neuronal activity.
All the major biological explanations related to drug abuse assume that these substances exert their __________ effects by altering brain chemistry or neuronal activity.
Signup and view all the answers
Character traits that often lead to drug abuse such as insecurity and vulnerability may be genetically determined.
Character traits that often lead to drug abuse such as insecurity and vulnerability may be genetically determined.
Signup and view all the answers
__________ deviance is inconsequential deviance, which occurs without having a lasting impression on the perpetrator.
__________ deviance is inconsequential deviance, which occurs without having a lasting impression on the perpetrator.
Signup and view all the answers
Explanations of addiction in terms of genetics, brain dysfunction, and biochemical patterns are termed __________.
Explanations of addiction in terms of genetics, brain dysfunction, and biochemical patterns are termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Immaturity, maladjustment, or insecurity usually occur after the use of marijuana has become habitual.
Immaturity, maladjustment, or insecurity usually occur after the use of marijuana has become habitual.
Signup and view all the answers
__________ in 10 drug users work full time.
__________ in 10 drug users work full time.
Signup and view all the answers
__________ attempts to decrease individuals' tendency to use drugs with an emphasis on reformulating values and behaviors.
__________ attempts to decrease individuals' tendency to use drugs with an emphasis on reformulating values and behaviors.
Signup and view all the answers
Category II OTC products are not generally recognized as safe and effective, or have unacceptable indications.
Category II OTC products are not generally recognized as safe and effective, or have unacceptable indications.
Signup and view all the answers
Decreasing the amount of drugs that are carried across U.S. borders is an example of __________.
Decreasing the amount of drugs that are carried across U.S. borders is an example of __________.
Signup and view all the answers
__________ drugs have high abuse potential and are not approved in the United States for medical purposes.
__________ drugs have high abuse potential and are not approved in the United States for medical purposes.
Signup and view all the answers
Penalties for illegal use of a controlled substance vary according to the agent's schedule.
Penalties for illegal use of a controlled substance vary according to the agent's schedule.
Signup and view all the answers
Phase I clinical trials generally involve healthy people and are designed to establish efficacy of a given drug.
Phase I clinical trials generally involve healthy people and are designed to establish efficacy of a given drug.
Signup and view all the answers
The __________ divided substances with abuse potential into categories based on the degree of their abuse potential and their clinical usefulness.
The __________ divided substances with abuse potential into categories based on the degree of their abuse potential and their clinical usefulness.
Signup and view all the answers
The Kefauver-Harris Amendment required drug companies to prove their new medications were safe but not necessarily effective before they could be marketed.
The Kefauver-Harris Amendment required drug companies to prove their new medications were safe but not necessarily effective before they could be marketed.
Signup and view all the answers
Use of methadone prevents the cravings and severe withdrawal routinely associated with breaking the heroin habit.
Use of methadone prevents the cravings and severe withdrawal routinely associated with breaking the heroin habit.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following lists steps of drug development in the correct chronological order?
Which of the following lists steps of drug development in the correct chronological order?
Signup and view all the answers
Approximately how many neurons are in the brain?
Approximately how many neurons are in the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
__________ are chemical messengers released by neurons.
__________ are chemical messengers released by neurons.
Signup and view all the answers
Drugs that affect the neurotransmitter dopamine usually alter both mental state and motor activity.
Drugs that affect the neurotransmitter dopamine usually alter both mental state and motor activity.
Signup and view all the answers
__________ is the maintenance of internal stability.
__________ is the maintenance of internal stability.
Signup and view all the answers
An important advantage of administering drugs intravenously is the speed of action.
An important advantage of administering drugs intravenously is the speed of action.
Signup and view all the answers
Basic kinds of side effects of drug use can include __________.
Basic kinds of side effects of drug use can include __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Chemical alteration of drugs by body processes is called __________.
Chemical alteration of drugs by body processes is called __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Drugs administered using which of the following methods can enter the blood almost as quickly as intravenous injection?
Drugs administered using which of the following methods can enter the blood almost as quickly as intravenous injection?
Signup and view all the answers
Drug tolerance causes an increased response to a given dose of a drug.
Drug tolerance causes an increased response to a given dose of a drug.
Signup and view all the answers
Most drugs are distributed throughout the body in the blood.
Most drugs are distributed throughout the body in the blood.
Signup and view all the answers
A CNS depressant can __________.
A CNS depressant can __________.
Signup and view all the answers
All sedative-hypnotics can produce severe physical dependence.
All sedative-hypnotics can produce severe physical dependence.
Signup and view all the answers
Barbiturates are __________ valium-like benzodiazepines.
Barbiturates are __________ valium-like benzodiazepines.
Signup and view all the answers
Benzodiazepines are classified in which of the following Schedules?
Benzodiazepines are classified in which of the following Schedules?
Signup and view all the answers
Benzodiazepines are frequently used clinically to __________.
Benzodiazepines are frequently used clinically to __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Drugs often used to relieve symptoms of allergies and motion sickness are called __________.
Drugs often used to relieve symptoms of allergies and motion sickness are called __________.
Signup and view all the answers
For most of the 1970s, __________ was the top-selling prescription drug.
For most of the 1970s, __________ was the top-selling prescription drug.
Signup and view all the answers
If a barbiturate is combined with another CNS depressant, what likely would be the consequence?
If a barbiturate is combined with another CNS depressant, what likely would be the consequence?
Signup and view all the answers
In high doses, some CNS depressants can cause anesthesia.
In high doses, some CNS depressants can cause anesthesia.
Signup and view all the answers
Many individuals who are dependent on depressants acquire them by prescription.
Many individuals who are dependent on depressants acquire them by prescription.
Signup and view all the answers
People on the inside; those who approve of/or use drugs are referred to as __________.
People on the inside; those who approve of/or use drugs are referred to as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
People on the outside; who do not approve of and/or use drugs are referred to as __________.
People on the outside; who do not approve of and/or use drugs are referred to as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Drug compounds that affect the central nervous system and alter consciousness and or/perceptions are called __________.
Drug compounds that affect the central nervous system and alter consciousness and or/perceptions are called __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Part of the nervous system composed of the spinal cord and brain that is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly is known as __________.
Part of the nervous system composed of the spinal cord and brain that is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Addiction generally refers to the psychological attachment to a drug or drugs; ______ to harder drugs such as heroin results in both psychological and physical attachment to the chemical properties.
Addiction generally refers to the psychological attachment to a drug or drugs; ______ to harder drugs such as heroin results in both psychological and physical attachment to the chemical properties.
Signup and view all the answers
When a drug is absent from a body and physical symptoms are generally present in cases of drug dependence to more addictive drugs such as heroin, these are referred to as __________ symptoms.
When a drug is absent from a body and physical symptoms are generally present in cases of drug dependence to more addictive drugs such as heroin, these are referred to as __________ symptoms.
Signup and view all the answers
Any substances that modify (either by enhancing, inhibiting, or distorting) mind and/or body functioning are called __________.
Any substances that modify (either by enhancing, inhibiting, or distorting) mind and/or body functioning are called __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Legalized drugs such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco are referred to as __________ drugs.
Legalized drugs such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco are referred to as __________ drugs.
Signup and view all the answers
Illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and LSD are referred to as __________ drugs.
Illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and LSD are referred to as __________ drugs.
Signup and view all the answers
Legalized drugs sold without a prescription are referred to as __________ drugs.
Legalized drugs sold without a prescription are referred to as __________ drugs.
Signup and view all the answers
Drugs derived from opium are known as __________.
Drugs derived from opium are known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
A type of illicit drug known as ecstasy or Adam and having stimulant and hallucinogenic properties is __________.
A type of illicit drug known as ecstasy or Adam and having stimulant and hallucinogenic properties is __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Extremely potent cannabis product with approx 80% THC levels made by using butane to extract the THC, producing a waxy residue is known as __________.
Extremely potent cannabis product with approx 80% THC levels made by using butane to extract the THC, producing a waxy residue is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
New drugs that are developed by people intending to circumvent the illegality of a drug by modifying a drug into a new compound for example Ecstasy are known as __________.
New drugs that are developed by people intending to circumvent the illegality of a drug by modifying a drug into a new compound for example Ecstasy are known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
A new molecular species created by modifying the basic molecular skeleton of a compound; structural analogs are structurally related to the parent compound is known as __________.
A new molecular species created by modifying the basic molecular skeleton of a compound; structural analogs are structurally related to the parent compound is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Refers to the use of drugs, stressing that drug use cuts across all members of society regardless of income, education, occupation, social class, or age is termed __________.
Refers to the use of drugs, stressing that drug use cuts across all members of society regardless of income, education, occupation, social class, or age is termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
The first category of drug users, typified as being in the initial stages of drug use; these people often use drugs for recreational purposes are known as __________.
The first category of drug users, typified as being in the initial stages of drug use; these people often use drugs for recreational purposes are known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
The second category of drug users, typified by an insatiable attraction followed by a psychological dependence on drugs are known as __________.
The second category of drug users, typified by an insatiable attraction followed by a psychological dependence on drugs are known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
The third category of drug users; these users vacillate between the need for pleasure seeking and the desire to relieve moderate to serious psychological problems are termed __________.
The third category of drug users; these users vacillate between the need for pleasure seeking and the desire to relieve moderate to serious psychological problems are termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
The principal federal agency responsible for enforcing U.S. drug laws is the __________.
The principal federal agency responsible for enforcing U.S. drug laws is the __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Satisfaction derived from escaping negative feelings by using the drug is referred to as __________.
Satisfaction derived from escaping negative feelings by using the drug is referred to as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Taking increasing quantities of the drug is known as __________.
Taking increasing quantities of the drug is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Constant concern with the supply of the drug is referred to as __________.
Constant concern with the supply of the drug is referred to as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
A synonym for addiction is __________.
A synonym for addiction is __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Physical and/or psychological effects derived from not using the drug are referred to as __________.
Physical and/or psychological effects derived from not using the drug are referred to as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
The principal federal agency responsible for directing research related to drug use and abuse is __________.
The principal federal agency responsible for directing research related to drug use and abuse is __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Publicly funded programs that distribute new, uncontaminated needles to drug addicts in exchange for used injection needles in order to prevent the spread of HIV and Hep B and Hep C are known as __________.
Publicly funded programs that distribute new, uncontaminated needles to drug addicts in exchange for used injection needles in order to prevent the spread of HIV and Hep B and Hep C are known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Large, highly sophisticated organizations composed of multiple drug trafficking organizations and cells with specific assignments, such as drug transportation, security/enforcement, or money laundering are known as __________.
Large, highly sophisticated organizations composed of multiple drug trafficking organizations and cells with specific assignments, such as drug transportation, security/enforcement, or money laundering are known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Are similar to terrorist cells, consisting of only three to five members to ensure operational security; members of adjacent drug cells usually do not know each other or identify their leadership are termed __________.
Are similar to terrorist cells, consisting of only three to five members to ensure operational security; members of adjacent drug cells usually do not know each other or identify their leadership are termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Drug assistance programs for drug-dependent employees are known as __________.
Drug assistance programs for drug-dependent employees are known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Oral fluid testing analyses a saliva for drugs of abuse and their metabolites is known as __________.
Oral fluid testing analyses a saliva for drugs of abuse and their metabolites is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Sweat is used for drug testing; a skin patch is used to absorb sweat that is analyzed for the presence of cocaine, marijuana, opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and PCP is known as __________.
Sweat is used for drug testing; a skin patch is used to absorb sweat that is analyzed for the presence of cocaine, marijuana, opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and PCP is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Used by clinicians and psychologists for diagnosing mental disorders, combines substance abuse, and substance dependence into a single condition called __________.
Used by clinicians and psychologists for diagnosing mental disorders, combines substance abuse, and substance dependence into a single condition called __________.
Signup and view all the answers
A type of substance-related disorder that involves problems caused by the direct effects of a substance such as intoxication, withdrawal, and other substance/medication-induced mental disorders is termed __________.
A type of substance-related disorder that involves problems caused by the direct effects of a substance such as intoxication, withdrawal, and other substance/medication-induced mental disorders is termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
The belief that people abuse alcohol because they chose to do so is known as __________.
The belief that people abuse alcohol because they chose to do so is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
The belief that people abuse alcohol because of some biologically caused condition is termed __________.
The belief that people abuse alcohol because of some biologically caused condition is termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
The view of chemical dependency as a symptom of problems in the development or operation of the system of needs, motives, and attitudes within the individual is known as __________.
The view of chemical dependency as a symptom of problems in the development or operation of the system of needs, motives, and attitudes within the individual is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Character disorders, includes the antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizoid, and others these serious ongoing impairments are termed __________.
Character disorders, includes the antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizoid, and others these serious ongoing impairments are termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Theory of personality and method of psychotherapy originally by Sigmund Freud, focused on unconscious forces and conflicts and a series of psychosexual stages is known as __________.
Theory of personality and method of psychotherapy originally by Sigmund Freud, focused on unconscious forces and conflicts and a series of psychosexual stages is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
An adaptation to pain and avoidance of reality, in which the individual withdraws emotionally and further anesthetizes himself or herself by chemical means is known as __________.
An adaptation to pain and avoidance of reality, in which the individual withdraws emotionally and further anesthetizes himself or herself by chemical means is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Explanations of addiction in terms of genetic brain dysfunction and biochemical patterns are known as __________.
Explanations of addiction in terms of genetic brain dysfunction and biochemical patterns are known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
How drug substances alter and affect the brain's mental functions is referred to as __________.
How drug substances alter and affect the brain's mental functions is referred to as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
A neurotransmitter present in regions of the brain that regulate movement, emotion, cognition, motivation, and feelings of pleasure; it mediates the rewarding aspects of most drug abuse is known as __________.
A neurotransmitter present in regions of the brain that regulate movement, emotion, cognition, motivation, and feelings of pleasure; it mediates the rewarding aspects of most drug abuse is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Two or more disorders or illnesses occurring in the same person; they can occur simultaneously or one after the other; also implies interactions between the illnesses that can worsen the course of both is termed __________.
Two or more disorders or illnesses occurring in the same person; they can occur simultaneously or one after the other; also implies interactions between the illnesses that can worsen the course of both is termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
A method of self-care in which an individual uses non-prescribed drugs to treat untreated and often undiagnosed medical ailments involving his or her psychological condition; self-prescribed drugs can include recreational drugs, psychoactive drugs, alcohol, and or herbal products in order to alleviate or diminish mental distress is known as __________.
A method of self-care in which an individual uses non-prescribed drugs to treat untreated and often undiagnosed medical ailments involving his or her psychological condition; self-prescribed drugs can include recreational drugs, psychoactive drugs, alcohol, and or herbal products in order to alleviate or diminish mental distress is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
An individual who is simultaneously manifesting a mental health disorder and addiction to drug use at the same time is known as __________.
An individual who is simultaneously manifesting a mental health disorder and addiction to drug use at the same time is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
A theory that places emphasis on how an individual learns patterns of behavior from the attitudes of others, society, and peers is known as __________.
A theory that places emphasis on how an individual learns patterns of behavior from the attitudes of others, society, and peers is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Repeating certain patterns of behavior until they become established or habitual is known as __________.
Repeating certain patterns of behavior until they become established or habitual is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
A theory assuming that it is biologically normal to continue a pleasure stimulus once begun is known as __________.
A theory assuming that it is biologically normal to continue a pleasure stimulus once begun is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Types of people who characteristically are continually seeking new or novel thrills in their experiences are termed __________.
Types of people who characteristically are continually seeking new or novel thrills in their experiences are termed __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Drug Use and Abuse Concepts
- Motivation is a primary social psychological factor influencing an individual's drug abuse tendencies.
- Legal recreational drug use involves licit substances like alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine to achieve altered mental states.
- Advertising for over-the-counter drugs normalizes drug use in response to symptoms.
Drug Use and Crime
- Drug use is prevalent among arrestees, often influencing crime commission or present at the time of arrest.
- Licit drugs lead to more societal issues compared to all illicit drugs combined.
Cultural and Behavioral Influences
- Cultural factors do not solely dictate drug use behaviors; the user environment is significant.
- Learned expectations and peer motivations impact an individual’s drug experiences and pleasures.
Understanding Addiction
- Today's conception of drug addiction emphasizes both physical and psychological dependence.
- Addiction is a complex disease and is influenced by genetic predispositions and character traits like insecurity.
Drug Categories and Classifications
- Primary deviance is considered inconsequential and rarely affects the individual long-term.
- Drugs that lead to the use of more addictive substances are called gateway drugs.
- Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse and lack medical approval in the U.S.
Drug Development and Regulation
- The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act categorizes substances based on abuse potential.
- Phase I clinical trials test drugs on healthy participants to establish safety rather than efficacy.
Substance Use Disorders
- Substance use disorder combines abuse and dependence into a single mental health diagnosis.
- Withdrawal symptoms indicate physical addiction and the body's reaction to the absence of the drug.
Drug Testing and Dependency
- Need-exchange programs aim to reduce the spread of diseases in drug users by offering clean needles.
- Sweat testing analyzes drugs present in the body through skin patches, while oral fluid tests assess saliva.
Theories of Drug Abuse
- Moral models view abuse as a conscious choice, while disease models attribute it to biological conditions.
- Social learning theory emphasizes the role of societal and peer influences in drug use.
Addiction Dynamics
- The phases of drug addiction include relief, increased use, preoccupation, dependency, and withdrawal.
- Compulsive users are characterized by psychological dependence, while experimenters are typically in the initial stages of drug use.
The Role of Neurotransmitters
- Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter related to movement, emotion, and the pleasure aspects of drug abuse.
- Psychoactive drugs affect mental functions by altering neurotransmitter activity within the brain.
Trends and Demographics
- Drug use is a societal issue that transcends income, education, and social class.
- Drug-dependent individuals often acquire medications through prescriptions, further complicating dependency issues.
Synthetic and Illicit Drugs
- Designer drugs and structural analogs are created to evade legal restrictions by modifying existing drugs.
- MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, is both a stimulant and hallucinogen, highlighting the complexity of drug effects.
Challenges in Treatment and Recovery
- Dual diagnosis refers to individuals with simultaneous mental health disorders and substance addiction, complicating treatment efforts.
- Comorbidity indicates that interactions between disorders can exacerbate both conditions, requiring integrated treatment approaches.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the first six chapters of 'Drugs and Society'. This quiz covers key terms and concepts, including motivation and legal recreational drug use. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of the material.
