Podcast
Questions and Answers
During exercise in hot conditions, which physiological response helps dissipate heat through convection?
During exercise in hot conditions, which physiological response helps dissipate heat through convection?
- Increased blood viscosity
- Decreased peripheral blood flow
- Vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin (correct)
- Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin
An athlete is competing in a marathon. How would caffeine potentially aid their performance?
An athlete is competing in a marathon. How would caffeine potentially aid their performance?
- By reducing the reliance on fat as a fuel source
- By increasing glycogen storage in the muscles
- By decreasing heart rate, reducing blood pressure
- By masking fatigue and promoting fat utilization (correct)
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect associated with the long-term use of anabolic steroids in males?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect associated with the long-term use of anabolic steroids in males?
- Decreased aggression
- Decreased risk of heart disease
- Shrinking of the testicles (correct)
- Increased sperm count
An endurance athlete is considering blood doping. What is the primary perceived benefit they are hoping to achieve?
An endurance athlete is considering blood doping. What is the primary perceived benefit they are hoping to achieve?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to an increase in core body temperature during exercise?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to an increase in core body temperature during exercise?
How does increased haemoglobin content in the blood, achieved through altitude training or EPO use, primarily benefit an athlete's performance?
How does increased haemoglobin content in the blood, achieved through altitude training or EPO use, primarily benefit an athlete's performance?
An athlete is considering using protein powders to supplement their training. What is a potential long-term adverse effect they should be aware of?
An athlete is considering using protein powders to supplement their training. What is a potential long-term adverse effect they should be aware of?
Which of the following is the most likely reason for the increase in heart rate during prolonged exercise in the heat, also known as cardiac drift?
Which of the following is the most likely reason for the increase in heart rate during prolonged exercise in the heat, also known as cardiac drift?
How does creatine supplementation primarily enhance performance during high-intensity, short-duration activities?
How does creatine supplementation primarily enhance performance during high-intensity, short-duration activities?
Why might an athlete training in a cold environment experience vasoconstriction?
Why might an athlete training in a cold environment experience vasoconstriction?
What is the primary aim of cryotherapy (e.g., ice baths) as a recovery technique after intense exercise?
What is the primary aim of cryotherapy (e.g., ice baths) as a recovery technique after intense exercise?
An athlete is training at altitude to improve performance at sea level. Which physiological adaptation is most beneficial for this?
An athlete is training at altitude to improve performance at sea level. Which physiological adaptation is most beneficial for this?
During prolonged exercise, what is the effect of decreased blood plasma volume on blood viscosity?
During prolonged exercise, what is the effect of decreased blood plasma volume on blood viscosity?
In hot and humid conditions, which mechanism of heat loss is most compromised?
In hot and humid conditions, which mechanism of heat loss is most compromised?
Which event would an athlete most benefit from the use of anabolic steroids?
Which event would an athlete most benefit from the use of anabolic steroids?
When training in very hot temperatures, an athlete's body will experience a decrease in:
When training in very hot temperatures, an athlete's body will experience a decrease in:
What is the primary purpose of diuretics as a potential performance-enhancing method, despite their adverse effects?
What is the primary purpose of diuretics as a potential performance-enhancing method, despite their adverse effects?
Which statement best describes the immediate physiological effect of competing in the extreme cold?
Which statement best describes the immediate physiological effect of competing in the extreme cold?
Which of the following is a perceived benefit of creatine supplementation?
Which of the following is a perceived benefit of creatine supplementation?
What is the most common goal of athletes when they decide to take drugs?
What is the most common goal of athletes when they decide to take drugs?
Which of the following is a negative to taking protein powder?
Which of the following is a negative to taking protein powder?
There is evidence from research that suggests the stimulant caffeine can enhance performance in high-intensity exercise of a short duration (of up to five minutes). This performance enhancement is most likely due to:
There is evidence from research that suggests the stimulant caffeine can enhance performance in high-intensity exercise of a short duration (of up to five minutes). This performance enhancement is most likely due to:
Which statement best describes the increased peripheral blood flow.
Which statement best describes the increased peripheral blood flow.
Protein powders are used by athletes in training because they increase
Protein powders are used by athletes in training because they increase
For each physiological adaptation after acclimatisation, what must be included?
For each physiological adaptation after acclimatisation, what must be included?
Flashcards
Increased Peripheral Blood Flow
Increased Peripheral Blood Flow
Due to increased blood being redirected to the skin to dissipate heat through convection.
Vasodilation in Skin
Vasodilation in Skin
Blood vessels in the skin widen, allowing more blood to flow near the surface to release heat.
Blood Viscosity
Blood Viscosity
A measure of the blood's resistance to flow, or its thickness/stickiness.
Muscle Hypertrophy
Muscle Hypertrophy
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How does caffeine act?
How does caffeine act?
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Creatine function?
Creatine function?
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Anabolic Steroids
Anabolic Steroids
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Blood Doping
Blood Doping
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EPO boosts what?
EPO boosts what?
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Nutrition Factors
Nutrition Factors
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Study Notes
- The lesson covers drugs and their adverse effects on the body.
- The 6 drugs covered in the syllabus should be identifiable.
- The adverse effects for each drug should be identifiable.
- Understand the drug, describe it and apply this to a specific questions
Why Athletes Use Performance Enhancers
- Athletes may manipulate their diet to gain an advantage over opponents.
- Performance enhancers lead to training adaptations.
- The drugs can improve performance.
- The drugs can improve recovery.
- Athletes must understand their sport's requirements and enhancement methods.
Protein Powders (Legal)
- Protein powders increase muscle size and strength by promoting muscle repair and development through increased protein intake, promoting muscle hypertrophy.
- Protein powders serves as a fuel source by decreasing muscle catabolism.
- They enhance recovery from training sessions.
- They increase muscle mass only when combined with resistance training.
- Increased risk of osteoporosis
- Increased risk of colon cancer
Caffeine (Legal)
- Caffeine acts as an analgesic, reducing the sensation of effort and extending the time to exhaustion for short distance events.
- Caffeine increases awareness and alertness, enhancing aerobic performance in team sports like AFL.
- It stimulates the body by increasing heart rate.
- It increases alertness by activating the central nervous system.
- Caffeine masks fatigue and perceived effort.
- It promotes fat utilization (at lower heart rate threshold), conserving glycogen in endurance events.
- Heart rate (blood pressure) increases, leading to muscular tremors or over-arousal.
- It can interfere with sleep and recovery.
- Impaired heat regulation
Creatine (Legal)
- Creatine helps maintain energy supply to muscles during intense exercise, aiding muscle growth and speeding up recovery.
- It can improve exercise performance.
- It helps with recovery after intense exercise.
- It leads to an increase in muscle mass.
- It helps to prevent muscle injuries.
- It can help athletes to tolerate more intense activity.
- It can reduce dehydration and cramping.
- Weight gain
- Muscle strains and pulls
- Stomach upset/diarrhea
- Dizziness
- High blood pressure
- Liver dysfunction
Anabolic Steroids (Illegal)
- Anabolic steroids boost muscle hypertrophy, resulting in increased strength and power, particularly in ATP/PC energy system sports like the 100m sprint.
- The drugs increase muscle bulk
- The drugs increase power and strength.
- The drugs improve recovery rates, allowing athletes to train harder and adapt more physiologically.
- The drugs improve tissue repair rate.
- Short-term side efefcts include reduced sperm count, high blood pressure/hypertension, enlarged prostate, difficulty urinating and acne.
- Long term side effects include increased risk of heart/kidney/liver disease, baldness, acne, depression, increased aggression, shrinking of the testicles, body hair growth (females), and infertility.
Blood Doping (Illegal)
- Blood doping involves infusing red blood cells.
- The perceived benefit is increased VO2 max.
- This occurs most frequently in endurance events/tour/road cycling.
- Blood-borne diseases (hepatitis B, AIDS), blood clotting, stroke, hypertension, and heart failure are harmful side effects.
EPO (Erythropoietin) (Illegal)
- Erythropoietin is hormonal blood boosting/hemoglobin-based blood substitute.
- Perceived benefit is increased red blood cell and oxygen carrying capacity and Vo2 max
- VO2 max refers to the maximum amount of oxygen an individual can use during intense exercise and is a cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance indicator.
- This most often occurs in endurance events.
- Side effects include blood clotting, stroke, hypertension, and heart failure.
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