Drugs Affecting Female Reproductive System

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Questions and Answers

What is a key consideration when prescribing estrogens and progestins to children?

They should be prescribed only for weight management.

They should only be used in excessive doses for best results.

They are safe and effective without monitoring.

Their use could impact epiphyseal closure during growth. (correct)

Which group of patients is at risk for thrombotic events when using estrogen?

Older adults on hormone therapy.

Women smokers taking estrogen. (correct)

Male cancer patients.

Children and toddlers.

What should women on estrogen regularly undergo?

Biannual eye examinations.

Annual medical exams, including breast exams. (correct)

Monthly blood tests for hormone levels.

Bone density scans every five years.

What type of support is important for women in fertility programs?

Psychological support due to the risks involved. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate action when prescribing oral contraceptives to teenage girls?

Prescribe at the lowest effective dose with monitoring. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women is accurate?

There are conflicting reports on the benefits and risks of HRT. Signup and view all the answers

What should be highlighted as a teaching point for patients using abortifacients?

Psychological support and symptom-monitoring are essential. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of using estrogen that should be discussed with patients?

Risk of mood swings and depression. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential nursing diagnosis related to fertility drug treatment?

Disturbed body image related to drug treatment and diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment is NOT recommended before beginning fertility drug therapy?

Evaluate dietary habits and nutritional intake Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an adverse effect that may require monitoring during fertility drug therapy?

Fluid retention or GI upset Signup and view all the answers

What psychological aspect should nurses be prepared to address during fertility drug therapy?

Stress and anxiety due to the treatment process Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is essential to ensure the efficacy of fertility drug therapy?

Monitoring vital signs and cardiac function Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason to monitor liver function in patients on long-term therapy with estrogen receptor modulators?

To detect hepatic dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient experiencing gastrointestinal upset due to estrogen receptor modulators?

Recommending small, frequent meals Signup and view all the answers

What should be closely monitored to minimize the risk of thromboembolic events in patients taking estrogen receptor modulators?

Fluid retention and changes in vision Signup and view all the answers

What intervention is recommended to support patients who are prescribed estrogen receptor modulators?

Urging the patient to stop smoking Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient on estrogen receptor modulators, which sign might indicate a serious adverse effect?

Significant changes in secondary sex characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential part of patient education for those starting therapy with estrogen receptor modulators?

To understand and report warning signs of adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

Which evaluation method can be used to determine the effectiveness of a teaching plan for patients on estrogen receptor modulators?

Patient's ability to describe their medication regimen Signup and view all the answers

What type of examination is suggested to monitor the risks associated with long-term therapy of estrogen receptor modulators?

Annual physical examination including pelvic examination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a fertility drug?

Raloxifene Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is primarily involved in the action of fertility drugs?

Stimulation of FSH and LH levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a common contraindication for the use of fertility drugs?

Thyroid dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which fertility drug is primarily administered in oral form?

Clomiphene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects could be associated with fertility drugs?

Ovarian overstimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cetrorelix in fertility treatment?

Inhibiting LH surges Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is used to maintain hormone production during ovarian stimulation?

HCG Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of fertility drugs often experienced by patients?

Fluid retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of oxytocin in uterine motility treatment?

To stimulate uterine contractions Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is approved for reducing the risk of preterm birth in women with a history of singleton spontaneous preterm birth?

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant caution for administering Terbutaline as a tocolytic?

Cardiovascular side effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for the use of oxytocin?

Pregnancy over 40 weeks Signup and view all the answers

How is oxytocin typically administered to stimulate milk letdown in lactating women?

Nasal form Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is Terbutaline classified as?

Tocolytic Signup and view all the answers

What class of drug does Hydroxyprogesterone caproate belong to?

Progestin Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is administered intramuscularly or intravenously to prevent postpartum hemorrhage?

Methylergonovine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drugs Affecting the Female Reproductive System

Estrogen and progestins have a significant impact on the female body, with both therapeutic and adverse effects.
Children: These hormones should be used cautiously in growing children due to their impact on epiphyseal closure.
Adults: Women taking these drugs should undergo annual medical exams, including breast exams and Pap smears. Adverse effects should be discussed, and women on estrogen should avoid smoking due to the risk of thrombotic events.
Older Adults: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is less common for postmenopausal women due to conflicting reports on benefits and risks.
Estrogen Modulators: Raloxifene & Tamoxifen are used in breast cancer.
Fertility Drugs: These drugs are used for women without primary ovarian failure who are unable to conceive after 1 year.
- The drugs stimulate follicles, ovulation, or the hypothalamus to increase FSH and LH levels for ovarian follicular development.
- They are often combined with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to maintain follicle and hormone production.
- These drugs are used in cases where women have functioning ovaries and their partners are fertile.
- They are also used to stimulate multiple follicle development for ova harvesting for in vitro fertilization (IVF).
- Menotropins can stimulate spermatogenesis in men with low sperm counts.
- Cetrorelix inhibits premature LH surges during ovarian stimulation.
- Follitropin alfa/beta and menotropins stimulate follicular development and spermatogenesis.
- Urofollitropin stimulates follicle development and ovulation.
- Cetrorelix, chorionic gonadotropin, follitropin alfa/beta, menotropins, ganirelix, and urofollitropin are available in injectable forms; Clomiphene is an oral agent.
Fertility Drugs Contraindications: Primary ovarian failure, thyroid/adrenal dysfunction, ovarian cysts, pregnancy, idiopathic uterine bleeding, and known allergy.
Fertility Drugs Cautions: Breastfeeding women, those with thromboembolic or respiratory diseases. Increased risk of multiple births, birth defects, ovarian overstimulation (abdominal pain, ascites, pleural effusion).
Fertility Drugs Adverse Effects: Headache, fluid retention, nausea, bloating, uterine bleeding, ovarian enlargement, gynecomastia, and febrile reactions.
Uterine Motility Drugs: These drugs stimulate uterine contractions to assist labor (oxytocics), induce abortion (abortifacients), or slow uterine activity (tocolytics).

Oxytocics

Oxytocics stimulate uterine contractions by affecting neuroreceptor sites, especially in the gravid uterus.
Oxytocin, a synthetic hormone, also stimulates lacteal glands for milk ejection in lactating women.
Oxytocics are used to prevent and treat uterine atony after delivery, preventing postpartum hemorrhage.
Oxytocin is rapidly absorbed via parenteral or oral administration.
Oxytocin is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine and feces.
Oxytocin crosses the placenta and enters breast milk.
Oxytocin is administered intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV); methylergonovine is also available in oral form post-delivery to promote uterine involution.
Oxytocin is used in nasal form to stimulate milk letdown in lactating women.
Oxytocics Contraindications: Allergy to oxytocics, cephalopelvic disproportion, unfavorable fetal position, complete uterine atony, or early pregnancy.
Oxytocics Cautions: Patients with coronary disease, hypertension, previous cesarean births, or hepatic/renal impairment.
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Makena):
- Approved in 2011 to reduce the risk of preterm birth in women with single-fetus pregnancies and a history of singleton spontaneous preterm birth.
- Not approved for use in multiple-fetus pregnancies.
- A synthetic progestin with progestin effects and adverse effects.
- Administered via intramuscular injection once a week from 16–20 weeks of gestation until the 37th week.
- The FDA issued a black box warning in 2011 due to significant risks, stating this use was not an approved indication.
Terbutaline:
- Beta2-selective adrenergic agonist.
- Used off-label as a tocolytic to relax the gravid uterus and prolong pregnancy.
- The FDA issued a black box warning in 2011 due to significant risks, stating this use was not an approved indication.

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Description

Explore the effects of various drugs on the female reproductive system, including estrogen, progestins, and fertility medications. Understand the implications for different age groups and the importance of monitoring and therapeutic considerations. This quiz will test your knowledge on the benefits and risks associated with these medications.