Drug Toxicity - Objectives & Terminology
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What does drug toxicity refer to?

  • The possibility of a drug causing harm or poison (correct)
  • The taste of a drug suggesting its potential toxicity
  • The color of a drug indicating its toxicity level
  • The effectiveness of a drug on the body
  • Which organ is particularly vulnerable to drug-induced toxicity due to metabolizing a large proportion of drugs?

  • Kidneys
  • Heart
  • Liver (correct)
  • Lungs
  • What is the main route through which blood from the intestine passes through the liver?

  • Hepatic portal vein (correct)
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Renal vein
  • Hepatic artery
  • Which measure of drug toxicity involves the direct harmful effect of a medicine on cells?

    <p>Direct cellular toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest organ in the body that is susceptible to hepatotoxicity?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects an individual's susceptibility to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is drug-induced autoimmunity?

    <p>When drugs trigger an immune response against the body's own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are typically affected in drug-induced lupus?

    <p>Joints, muscles, heart, lungs, and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most common types of drug-induced autoimmunity?

    <p>Drug-induced lupus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drug-induced lupus differ from other types of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>It is triggered by medications rather than genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the theories regarding the mechanism of drug-induced lupus development?

    <p>Autoantibodies to haptenized drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do abnormalities in T-cell DNA methylation contribute to drug-induced lupus?

    <p>By increasing autoreactive T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major route of excretion for many drugs and their metabolites?

    <p>Filtration and reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nephrotoxicity, high concentrations of drugs or metabolites can accumulate in which part of the kidney?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of toxicity is characterized by drugs binding to unintended receptors?

    <p>Off target toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between large protein drugs and small drug molecules in terms of immunogenicity?

    <p>Large protein drugs activate the immune system directly, while small molecules are not usually immunogenic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential mechanism of immune mediated toxicity?

    <p>Drug-protein complex triggering an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can small drug molecules do to trigger an immune response?

    <p>Act as haptens by binding to endogenous proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a serious adverse reaction according to the text?

    <p>Results in inpatient hospitalisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to interactions?

    <p>Polypharmacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting susceptibility to ADRs as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Color of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of adverse reactions are those that do not fulfill the criteria for serious adverse reactions?

    <p>Non-serious reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?

    <p>Ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a side effect of a pharmaceutical product?

    <p>An unintended effect occurring at doses normally used by a patient related to the drug's pharmacological properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is based on genetic differences or other factors?

    <p>Type B - Unpredictable, 'idiosyncratic' responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of Type A ADRs?

    <p>They are dose-dependent with a clear relationship with dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency classification of ADRs indicates an incidence of between 0.1% and 1% in exposed patients?

    <p>Infrequent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Type B ADRs?

    <p>They have low mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the AMH classification of ADRs consider 'rare'?

    <p>Incidence less than 0.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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