29 Questions
What does drug toxicity refer to?
The possibility of a drug causing harm or poison
Which organ is particularly vulnerable to drug-induced toxicity due to metabolizing a large proportion of drugs?
Liver
What is the main route through which blood from the intestine passes through the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
Which measure of drug toxicity involves the direct harmful effect of a medicine on cells?
Direct cellular toxicity
What is the largest organ in the body that is susceptible to hepatotoxicity?
Liver
Which factor affects an individual's susceptibility to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)?
Genetic predisposition
What is drug-induced autoimmunity?
When drugs trigger an immune response against the body's own cells
Which organs are typically affected in drug-induced lupus?
Joints, muscles, heart, lungs, and skin
What is one of the most common types of drug-induced autoimmunity?
Drug-induced lupus
How does drug-induced lupus differ from other types of autoimmune diseases?
It is triggered by medications rather than genetic factors
What is one of the theories regarding the mechanism of drug-induced lupus development?
Autoantibodies to haptenized drug
How do abnormalities in T-cell DNA methylation contribute to drug-induced lupus?
By increasing autoreactive T cells
What is the major route of excretion for many drugs and their metabolites?
Filtration and reabsorption
In nephrotoxicity, high concentrations of drugs or metabolites can accumulate in which part of the kidney?
Medulla
Which type of toxicity is characterized by drugs binding to unintended receptors?
Off target toxicity
What is the main difference between large protein drugs and small drug molecules in terms of immunogenicity?
Large protein drugs activate the immune system directly, while small molecules are not usually immunogenic.
Which of the following is a potential mechanism of immune mediated toxicity?
Drug-protein complex triggering an immune response
What can small drug molecules do to trigger an immune response?
Act as haptens by binding to endogenous proteins
Which of the following is considered a serious adverse reaction according to the text?
Results in inpatient hospitalisation
What factor increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to interactions?
Polypharmacy
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting susceptibility to ADRs as mentioned in the text?
Color of the medication
What type of adverse reactions are those that do not fulfill the criteria for serious adverse reactions?
Non-serious reactions
Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?
Ethnicity
What is the definition of a side effect of a pharmaceutical product?
An unintended effect occurring at doses normally used by a patient related to the drug's pharmacological properties
Which type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is based on genetic differences or other factors?
Type B - Unpredictable, 'idiosyncratic' responses
What is a distinguishing characteristic of Type A ADRs?
They are dose-dependent with a clear relationship with dose
Which frequency classification of ADRs indicates an incidence of between 0.1% and 1% in exposed patients?
Infrequent
What is a common characteristic of Type B ADRs?
They have low mortality rates
What does the AMH classification of ADRs consider 'rare'?
Incidence less than 0.1%
Learn about drug toxicity and its effects on organs, mechanisms of toxicity, pharmacological, immune, and cellular toxicity, as well as measures and factors affecting adverse drug reactions. Explore terminology, classifications, and susceptibility factors in drug toxicity.
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