Drug Toxicity - Objectives & Terminology

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What does drug toxicity refer to?

The possibility of a drug causing harm or poison (correct)

The taste of a drug suggesting its potential toxicity

The color of a drug indicating its toxicity level

The effectiveness of a drug on the body

Which organ is particularly vulnerable to drug-induced toxicity due to metabolizing a large proportion of drugs?

Kidneys

Heart

Liver (correct)

Lungs

What is the main route through which blood from the intestine passes through the liver?

Hepatic portal vein (correct)

Pulmonary vein

Renal vein

Hepatic artery

Which measure of drug toxicity involves the direct harmful effect of a medicine on cells?

Direct cellular toxicity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest organ in the body that is susceptible to hepatotoxicity?

Liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects an individual's susceptibility to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)?

Genetic predisposition (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is drug-induced autoimmunity?

When drugs trigger an immune response against the body's own cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are typically affected in drug-induced lupus?

Joints, muscles, heart, lungs, and skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most common types of drug-induced autoimmunity?

Drug-induced lupus (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does drug-induced lupus differ from other types of autoimmune diseases?

It is triggered by medications rather than genetic factors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the theories regarding the mechanism of drug-induced lupus development?

Autoantibodies to haptenized drug (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do abnormalities in T-cell DNA methylation contribute to drug-induced lupus?

By increasing autoreactive T cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major route of excretion for many drugs and their metabolites?

Filtration and reabsorption (A) Signup and view all the answers

In nephrotoxicity, high concentrations of drugs or metabolites can accumulate in which part of the kidney?

Medulla (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of toxicity is characterized by drugs binding to unintended receptors?

Off target toxicity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between large protein drugs and small drug molecules in terms of immunogenicity?

Large protein drugs activate the immune system directly, while small molecules are not usually immunogenic. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential mechanism of immune mediated toxicity?

Drug-protein complex triggering an immune response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can small drug molecules do to trigger an immune response?

Act as haptens by binding to endogenous proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a serious adverse reaction according to the text?

Results in inpatient hospitalisation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to interactions?

Polypharmacy (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting susceptibility to ADRs as mentioned in the text?

Color of the medication (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of adverse reactions are those that do not fulfill the criteria for serious adverse reactions?

Non-serious reactions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?

Ethnicity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a side effect of a pharmaceutical product?

An unintended effect occurring at doses normally used by a patient related to the drug's pharmacological properties (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is based on genetic differences or other factors?

Type B - Unpredictable, 'idiosyncratic' responses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of Type A ADRs?

They are dose-dependent with a clear relationship with dose (A) Signup and view all the answers