Drug Toxicity - Objectives & Terminology
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Questions and Answers

What does drug toxicity refer to?

  • The possibility of a drug causing harm or poison (correct)
  • The taste of a drug suggesting its potential toxicity
  • The color of a drug indicating its toxicity level
  • The effectiveness of a drug on the body

Which organ is particularly vulnerable to drug-induced toxicity due to metabolizing a large proportion of drugs?

  • Kidneys
  • Heart
  • Liver (correct)
  • Lungs

What is the main route through which blood from the intestine passes through the liver?

  • Hepatic portal vein (correct)
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Renal vein
  • Hepatic artery

Which measure of drug toxicity involves the direct harmful effect of a medicine on cells?

<p>Direct cellular toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest organ in the body that is susceptible to hepatotoxicity?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects an individual's susceptibility to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)?

<p>Genetic predisposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is drug-induced autoimmunity?

<p>When drugs trigger an immune response against the body's own cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are typically affected in drug-induced lupus?

<p>Joints, muscles, heart, lungs, and skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most common types of drug-induced autoimmunity?

<p>Drug-induced lupus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does drug-induced lupus differ from other types of autoimmune diseases?

<p>It is triggered by medications rather than genetic factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the theories regarding the mechanism of drug-induced lupus development?

<p>Autoantibodies to haptenized drug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do abnormalities in T-cell DNA methylation contribute to drug-induced lupus?

<p>By increasing autoreactive T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major route of excretion for many drugs and their metabolites?

<p>Filtration and reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In nephrotoxicity, high concentrations of drugs or metabolites can accumulate in which part of the kidney?

<p>Medulla (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of toxicity is characterized by drugs binding to unintended receptors?

<p>Off target toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between large protein drugs and small drug molecules in terms of immunogenicity?

<p>Large protein drugs activate the immune system directly, while small molecules are not usually immunogenic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential mechanism of immune mediated toxicity?

<p>Drug-protein complex triggering an immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can small drug molecules do to trigger an immune response?

<p>Act as haptens by binding to endogenous proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a serious adverse reaction according to the text?

<p>Results in inpatient hospitalisation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to interactions?

<p>Polypharmacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting susceptibility to ADRs as mentioned in the text?

<p>Color of the medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of adverse reactions are those that do not fulfill the criteria for serious adverse reactions?

<p>Non-serious reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?

<p>Ethnicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a side effect of a pharmaceutical product?

<p>An unintended effect occurring at doses normally used by a patient related to the drug's pharmacological properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is based on genetic differences or other factors?

<p>Type B - Unpredictable, 'idiosyncratic' responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of Type A ADRs?

<p>They are dose-dependent with a clear relationship with dose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which frequency classification of ADRs indicates an incidence of between 0.1% and 1% in exposed patients?

<p>Infrequent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Type B ADRs?

<p>They have low mortality rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the AMH classification of ADRs consider 'rare'?

<p>Incidence less than 0.1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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