Clinical Toxicity: Introduction and Management Principles
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Questions and Answers

What differentiates a poison from a remedy according to Paracelsus?

  • The right dose (correct)
  • The method of administration
  • The color of the substance
  • The type of substance

    • Which of the following is considered dose dependent drug toxicity?

  • Side effects (correct)
  • Overdose
  • Idiosyncratic hypersensitivity
  • Allergic reactions

    • What can happen if β blockers affect the β receptors in the bronchi?

  • Bronchoconstriction (correct)
  • Vasodilation
  • Increased heart rate
  • Reduced blood pressure

    • Which adverse effects of a drug are considered when taken in excess of the therapeutic range?

    <p>Overdose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug toxicity can manifest as idiosyncratic hypersensitivity?

    <p>Dose independent drug toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to know the side effect profile of a drug?

    <p>To avoid severe side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of biotransformation?

    <p>Decrease toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body defend against foreign substances?

    <p>By using biotransformation enzymes and antioxidants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of excretion involves volatile compounds being exhaled?

    <p>Exhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of absorption allows chemicals to enter the blood via the alveoli?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do lipophilic compounds like DDT tend to store in the body?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does bioactivation impact the clearance rate of compounds?

    <p>It increases the rate of clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can biotransformation have on the concentration of active compounds at the target site?

    <p>Decrease amount at target site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a chemical agent translocates throughout the body called?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the rate of distribution of a toxicant in the body?

    <p><strong>Temperature</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ plays a role in biliary excretion of toxicants?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can urinary excretion aid in eliminating toxicants?

    <p>By filtering out water-soluble products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can rapid mobilization of fat affect blood concentration of lipophilic compounds?

    <p><strong>Increase it</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of an overdose of barbiturates?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug overdose leads to liver damage by saturating the normal conjugation reaction?

    <p>Paracetamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does N acetylcysteine act as when given to treat a paracetamol overdose?

    <p>A precursor to glutathione</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an idiosyncratic reaction to a drug dose characterized by?

    <p>Genetically determined unusual response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glutathione in the body's response to paracetamol overdose?

    <p>Neutralize reactive intermediates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug causes muscle paralysis and respiratory depression at high concentrations?

    <p>Suxamethonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of death in an acutely poisoned patient?

    <p>Loss of respiratory drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does activated charcoal aid in preventing the absorption of poisons?

    <p>By chemical adsorption of many poisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method mentioned to alter biotransformation as a way to prevent the toxicity of compounds?

    <p>Interfering with metabolic conversion of compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In treating acute poisoning, what is the first goal mentioned in the strategies outlined?

    <p>Maintain respiration and circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to determine the location and ratio of ionized to un-ionized poison in the body?

    <p>Use drug dissociation constant and Henderson-Hasselbach equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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