28 Questions
What is the main difference between reinstatement following extinction and drug-seeking following abstinence?
Different brain systems are involved in reinstatement following extinction compared to drug-seeking following abstinence.
What role do the prelimbic cortex (dPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) play in cocaine seeking after abstinence/extinction training?
BLA and dPFC play different roles in cocaine seeking after abstinence/extinction training.
What was the main finding of Phase 1 of the study?
Rats showed significant preference for social interaction over drugs.
What is the main finding regarding the incubation of drug seeking in the study on heroin by Shalev et al, 2001?
The intensity of craving for heroin increases at the beginning of abstinence and remains stable for a long time.
What was the purpose of Phase 2 in the study?
To induce relapse in rats who had voluntarily abstained from drugs.
What was the key difference between the seeking and taking procedures in Phase 1?
Seeking had flexibility while taking was rigid.
What was the outcome for rats that were shock/punishment resistant?
They required very high levels of shocks to stop drug seeking.
What is a common pattern observed in the incubation of craving for various substances?
A pattern resembling an inverted U shape
Which brain adaptation is associated with incubation of drug seeking?
Changes in BDNF levels
What is a factor correlated with varying levels of craving in animal models?
Different time delays to extinction
What is the main difference between reinstatement following extinction and drug-seeking following abstinence?
Different brain systems are involved in reinstatement following extinction compared to drug-seeking following abstinence.
What is the primary finding regarding the role of the prelimbic cortex (dPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) in cocaine seeking after abstinence/extinction training?
BLA and dPFC play different roles in cocaine seeking after abstinence/extinction training.
What is the main finding of the study on heroin by Shalev et al, 2001 regarding the incubation of drug seeking?
The time delay to extinction significantly impacts the level of drug seeking during incubation.
What was the main finding of Phase 1 in the study?
Rats showed significant exclusivity to social interaction over drugs
What was the purpose of Phase 2 in the study?
To model negative effects of drug taking/seeking through punishment-induced abstinence
What is the main difference between reinstatement following extinction and drug-seeking following abstinence?
Reinstatement following extinction involves introduction of triggers to induce relapse, while drug-seeking following abstinence involves voluntary abstinence
What was the outcome for rats that were shock/punishment resistant?
They required very high levels of shocks to stop drug seeking
Which brain adaptation is associated with incubation of drug seeking?
Changes in BDNF levels
What is a factor correlated with varying levels of craving in animal models?
Time delays to extinction
What is a common pattern observed in the incubation of craving for various substances?
Craving increases over time in a pattern resembling an inverted U shape
Rats in Phase 1 were trained to press the same lever for both social interaction and drugs.
False
In Phase 2, the introduction of triggers was meant to induce rats to choose drugs.
False
The punishment-induced abstinence in Phase 2 aimed to model the positive effects of drug taking/seeking.
False
In Phase 2, the introduction of punishment was for both seeking and taking drugs.
False
During Phase 3, the introduction of stress triggers led to an increase in drug-seeking behavior.
True
Match the following concepts with their corresponding descriptions:
Phase 1 = Animals trained to press a specific lever to open a screen door connecting to adjacent space with another rat without crossing over Phase 2 = Reinstatement - introduce trigger to see if rats will choose drugs Punishment-induced abstinence = Model negative effects of drug taking/seeking Incubation of drug seeking = Introduction of triggers to induce relapse
Match the following procedures with their corresponding descriptions:
Seek-take procedure = Animals press seek lever and then take lever to get drugs Seeking has flexibility = Animals press seek lever without knowing how many times to press to get drugs Seeking has risk = 30% of the time, pressing seek lever results in foot shock instead of take lever Voluntary abstinence = Animals voluntarily abstain from drug seeking
Match the following findings with their corresponding results:
Big significant exclusivity to social interaction over drugs = Phase 1 Shock/punishment resistant: will need very high levels of shocks to stop drug seeking = Phase 3 Shock/punishment sensitive: will need little intensity of shocks to stop drug seeking = Phase 3 Relapse = Phase 3
Study Notes
Incubation of Drug Seeking: Mechanisms and Implications
- Incubation of craving observed in animal models for cocaine, sucrose, smoking, and alcohol
- Craving increases over time in a pattern resembling an inverted U shape
- Brain adaptations, including changes in BDNF levels, are associated with incubation of drug seeking
- Injecting BDNF directly in the VTA increases craving in rats
- Similar mechanisms for opioids and cocaine seeking involve long-term adaptations in the NAc AMPA receptors
- Alternative reward models like contingency management with food and social interaction are being explored
- Reinstatement procedures in animals have poor predictive validity for human clinical studies
- Extinction and voluntary abstinence are important factors in studying drug seeking behavior
- Different time delays to extinction in animal models correlate with varying levels of craving
- Stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking becomes stronger with increased incubation time
- Incubation of craving has been observed for natural rewards like sucrose, indicating it is not limited to drugs
- Brain adaptations, including changes in BDNF and NGF levels, are correlated with changes in behavior during incubation of drug seeking
Incubation of Drug Seeking: Mechanisms and Implications
- Incubation of craving observed in animal models for cocaine, sucrose, smoking, and alcohol
- Craving increases over time in a pattern resembling an inverted U shape
- Brain adaptations, including changes in BDNF levels, are associated with incubation of drug seeking
- Injecting BDNF directly in the VTA increases craving in rats
- Similar mechanisms for opioids and cocaine seeking involve long-term adaptations in the NAc AMPA receptors
- Alternative reward models like contingency management with food and social interaction are being explored
- Reinstatement procedures in animals have poor predictive validity for human clinical studies
- Extinction and voluntary abstinence are important factors in studying drug seeking behavior
- Different time delays to extinction in animal models correlate with varying levels of craving
- Stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking becomes stronger with increased incubation time
- Incubation of craving has been observed for natural rewards like sucrose, indicating it is not limited to drugs
- Brain adaptations, including changes in BDNF and NGF levels, are correlated with changes in behavior during incubation of drug seeking
Test your knowledge of the mechanisms and implications of incubation of drug seeking with this quiz. Explore the brain adaptations, reinstatement procedures, and alternative reward models associated with craving and drug seeking behavior.
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