Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells

Questions and Answers

What is tolerance in pharmacology?

The immediate effects of a drug upon administration.

The body's inability to respond to a drug over time.

A decreased response to a drug after repeated doses. (correct)

An increase in drug effectiveness with prolonged use.

Which class of drugs is an example of pharmacodynamic tolerance?

Antihistamines

Antibiotics

Blood pressure medications

Opioids (correct)

Which of the following drugs is considered to have a narrow therapeutic index?

Ibuprofen

Amoxicillin

Penicillin

Lithium (correct)

What type of tolerance is term for when physiological adaptation leads to a reduced effect of a drug?

Metabolic tolerance Signup and view all the answers

In pharmacology, what does the term 'therapeutic index' refer to?

The range of doses that provides therapeutic effects without toxicity. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are inherently resistant to certain drugs?

Neoplastic cells Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?

Prolonged administration of suboptimal drug doses Signup and view all the answers

How can drug resistance be minimized?

Short-term, intensive, intermittent therapy with combinations of drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of prolonged administration of suboptimal drug doses on cancer cells?

Mutation leading to drug resistance Signup and view all the answers

What describes the phenomenon where a receptor becomes unresponsive after exposure to an agonist?

Desensitization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about microbial drug resistance is false?

Drug resistance is reversible in all cases Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary mechanism of drug resistance in antimicrobial treatment?

Bacteria develop enzymes breaking down the drug Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy can help reduce drug tolerance in patients?

Short-term, intensive therapy with drug combinations Signup and view all the answers

What type of tolerance develops from the continuous presence of a drug leading to decreased effectiveness?

Acquired tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a type of tolerance where exposure to one drug affects the response to another similar acting drug?

Cross tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of receptors?

Endocrine receptors Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is associated with a gradual decrease in drug effect taking days or weeks to develop?

Chronic tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of receptors?

Drug tolerance development Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Resistance

Some cells, like neoplastic or cancer cells, are inherently resistant to specific drugs.
Cancer cells can mutate leading to resistance to anticancer agents after prolonged exposure to suboptimal drug doses.
Drug resistance can be mitigated through short-term, intensive, intermittent therapy employing drug combinations.

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

AMR occurs when microbes, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, no longer respond to previously effective drugs.

Receptor Desensitization

Desensitization allows receptors to adapt to changes in their environment and maintain homeostasis.

Types of Tolerance

Natural Tolerance: Some species have inherent resistance to specific drugs; e.g., rabbits and atropine.
Acquired Tolerance: Develops from repeated drug use in previously responsive individuals; e.g., cocaine, morphine.
Cross Tolerance: Exposure to one drug induces tolerance to other similar acting drugs; e.g., morphine tolerance affecting responses to pethidine.

Therapeutic Index

Therapeutic index measures the safety margin of a drug by comparing effective dose to toxic dose.
Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index have a small margin between therapeutic and toxic doses, requiring careful management.

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Description

Explore the mechanisms of drug resistance specifically in neoplastic or cancer cells. Understand how these cells mutate over time to evade the effects of anticancer agents, particularly after prolonged exposure to suboptimal drug treatment. This quiz delves into the implications of drug resistance in medical treatment.