Questions and Answers
What is tolerance in pharmacology?
Which class of drugs is an example of pharmacodynamic tolerance?
Which of the following drugs is considered to have a narrow therapeutic index?
What type of tolerance is term for when physiological adaptation leads to a reduced effect of a drug?
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In pharmacology, what does the term 'therapeutic index' refer to?
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What type of cells are inherently resistant to certain drugs?
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What leads to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?
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How can drug resistance be minimized?
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What is the effect of prolonged administration of suboptimal drug doses on cancer cells?
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What describes the phenomenon where a receptor becomes unresponsive after exposure to an agonist?
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Which of the following statements about microbial drug resistance is false?
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What is a primary mechanism of drug resistance in antimicrobial treatment?
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Which type of therapy can help reduce drug tolerance in patients?
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What type of tolerance develops from the continuous presence of a drug leading to decreased effectiveness?
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Which of the following describes a type of tolerance where exposure to one drug affects the response to another similar acting drug?
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Which of the following is NOT a classification of receptors?
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What mechanism is associated with a gradual decrease in drug effect taking days or weeks to develop?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of receptors?
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Study Notes
Drug Resistance
- Some cells, like neoplastic or cancer cells, are inherently resistant to specific drugs.
- Cancer cells can mutate leading to resistance to anticancer agents after prolonged exposure to suboptimal drug doses.
- Drug resistance can be mitigated through short-term, intensive, intermittent therapy employing drug combinations.
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
- AMR occurs when microbes, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, no longer respond to previously effective drugs.
Receptor Desensitization
- Desensitization allows receptors to adapt to changes in their environment and maintain homeostasis.
Types of Tolerance
- Natural Tolerance: Some species have inherent resistance to specific drugs; e.g., rabbits and atropine.
- Acquired Tolerance: Develops from repeated drug use in previously responsive individuals; e.g., cocaine, morphine.
- Cross Tolerance: Exposure to one drug induces tolerance to other similar acting drugs; e.g., morphine tolerance affecting responses to pethidine.
Therapeutic Index
- Therapeutic index measures the safety margin of a drug by comparing effective dose to toxic dose.
- Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index have a small margin between therapeutic and toxic doses, requiring careful management.
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Description
Explore the mechanisms of drug resistance specifically in neoplastic or cancer cells. Understand how these cells mutate over time to evade the effects of anticancer agents, particularly after prolonged exposure to suboptimal drug treatment. This quiz delves into the implications of drug resistance in medical treatment.