Drug Metabolism Mechanisms Quiz

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What is the primary goal of drug metabolism?

To increase protein binding

To reduce the drug's bioavailability

To increase drug solubility

To inactivate or detoxify foreign substances (correct)

What happens during Phase 1 metabolism?

A binding site is introduced for hydrophilic compounds (correct)

The drug is excreted by the kidneys

Prodrugs are activated

The drug is inactivated by liver enzymes

Which organ is NOT mentioned as a site where drug metabolism takes place?

Gut

Pancreas (correct)

Brain

Liver

Which route of drug administration typically results in 100% bioavailability?

Intravenous administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the first-pass effect in drug metabolism?

To reduce the degree of inactivation by liver enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence drug distribution in terms of tissue targets?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about drug metabolism is false?

All metabolites are inactive Signup and view all the answers

What influences a drug's bioavailability?

Liver enzyme inactivation during first pass effect Signup and view all the answers

'Xenobiotic' refers to:

'Foreign substances' Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phase 2 metabolism?

To conjugate a water-soluble molecule Signup and view all the answers

What type of enzymes cleave glucuronide conjugates in the gut?

Glucuronidase enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Where are most water-soluble drug metabolites excreted?

By the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is pharmacodynamics primarily concerned with?

Drug's mechanism of action Signup and view all the answers

Which type of substance interferes with or inhibits the physiological action of another substance?

Antagonist Signup and view all the answers

What do competitive substances have in common?

They use the same binding site on a receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is an agonist substance known for?

Initiating a physiological response Signup and view all the answers

Allosteric substances interact with receptors in what manner?

Non-competitive manner Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences drug absorption by requiring only non-ionized forms of drugs to easily pass through a lipid bilayer?

pH in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of pharmacology as described in the text?

To understand how drugs interact with biological systems Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes drug distribution after administration?

Drug distribution is affected by physiologic factors. Signup and view all the answers

How do most drugs get absorbed according to the text?

Passive diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pH on drug absorption in the digestive tract?

Low pH favors absorption for weak acids or bases Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antagonist binds to a different site on the receptor than the agonist?

Allosteric antagonist Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phase 1 metabolism in drug processing?

It converts lipophilic drugs into more polar compounds Signup and view all the answers

Why is bioavailability an important consideration in pharmacology?

It reflects the proportion of a drug reaching circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences individual drug responses according to the text?

Tissue permeability and blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Therapeutic Index (TI) in pharmacology?

To compare the potency and safety of a drug Signup and view all the answers

What does LD50 stand for in pharmacology?

50% Lethal Dose Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to use generic names over brand names when prescribing drugs?

Generic names are more standardized across jurisdictions Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in prescription requirements according to the text?

The refill authorization number and interval between refills Signup and view all the answers

What does ED50 represent in pharmacology?

Effective Dose 50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between LD50 and ED50 used for in pharmacology?

To assess the safety margin of a drug Signup and view all the answers