Podcast
Questions and Answers
True or False: All drugs require phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation processes for their elimination from the body.
True or False: All drugs require phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation processes for their elimination from the body.
Which phase of biotransformation is involved in the deactivation of reactive intermediates formed during drug metabolism?
Which phase of biotransformation is involved in the deactivation of reactive intermediates formed during drug metabolism?
Which pathway is involved in the metabolism of aspirin?
Which pathway is involved in the metabolism of aspirin?
True or False: N-dealkylation is an oxidation reaction.
True or False: N-dealkylation is an oxidation reaction.
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What is the result of N-dealkylation of tertiary amines?
What is the result of N-dealkylation of tertiary amines?
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Which phase of biotransformation involves the conjugation of drugs with glucuronic acid?
Which phase of biotransformation involves the conjugation of drugs with glucuronic acid?
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Which organ has the highest metabolic capacity for drug biotransformation?
Which organ has the highest metabolic capacity for drug biotransformation?
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Where are the phase I oxidative enzymes predominantly localized?
Where are the phase I oxidative enzymes predominantly localized?
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Which enzyme family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
Which enzyme family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
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Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of 1/3 of all important drugs?
Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of 1/3 of all important drugs?
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Which enzyme is involved in the oxidation of aromatic rings?
Which enzyme is involved in the oxidation of aromatic rings?
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Which enzyme is involved in the N-oxidation of primary aromatic amines?
Which enzyme is involved in the N-oxidation of primary aromatic amines?
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Which category of drug metabolism involves the addition of endogenous compounds to the drug molecule?
Which category of drug metabolism involves the addition of endogenous compounds to the drug molecule?
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Which type of transformation is most prevalent in phase 1 metabolism?
Which type of transformation is most prevalent in phase 1 metabolism?
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Which drugs require more metabolic transformations than hydrophilic drugs?
Which drugs require more metabolic transformations than hydrophilic drugs?
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Do all drugs require both phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation?
Do all drugs require both phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation?
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What is the purpose of drug metabolism?
What is the purpose of drug metabolism?
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Which phase of drug metabolism increases water solubility?
Which phase of drug metabolism increases water solubility?
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Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation?
Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation?
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Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation?
Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation?
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Which of the following is the main metabolic pathway for the drug?
Which of the following is the main metabolic pathway for the drug?
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Which of the following is a common biotransformation pathway for secondary and tertiary amines?
Which of the following is a common biotransformation pathway for secondary and tertiary amines?
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Which ester group in the structure of Cocaine is readily hydrolyzed by esterases?
Which ester group in the structure of Cocaine is readily hydrolyzed by esterases?
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Which phase of metabolism introduces a new functional group or modifies an existing group?
Which phase of metabolism introduces a new functional group or modifies an existing group?
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Which conjugative pathway is the most common and greatly increases water solubility of the conjugated product?
Which conjugative pathway is the most common and greatly increases water solubility of the conjugated product?
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What is the major conjugation pathway for phenols, alcohols, and amines?
What is the major conjugation pathway for phenols, alcohols, and amines?
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Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to the drug?
Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to the drug?
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What is the most common phase 1 metabolic transformation?
What is the most common phase 1 metabolic transformation?
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Which phase of metabolism prepares the compound for phase II metabolism?
Which phase of metabolism prepares the compound for phase II metabolism?
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Which enzyme family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
Which enzyme family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
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Which phase of biotransformation involves the conjugation of drugs with glucuronic acid?
Which phase of biotransformation involves the conjugation of drugs with glucuronic acid?
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Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of 1/3 of all important drugs?
Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of 1/3 of all important drugs?
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Which enzyme is involved in the N-oxidation of primary aromatic amines?
Which enzyme is involved in the N-oxidation of primary aromatic amines?
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Which phase of metabolism prepares the compound for phase II metabolism?
Which phase of metabolism prepares the compound for phase II metabolism?
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Which organ has the highest metabolic capacity for drug biotransformation?
Which organ has the highest metabolic capacity for drug biotransformation?
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Which type of biotransformation involves the addition of endogenous compounds to the drug molecule?
Which type of biotransformation involves the addition of endogenous compounds to the drug molecule?
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Which phase of drug metabolism prepares the compound for phase II metabolism?
Which phase of drug metabolism prepares the compound for phase II metabolism?
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Which phase of biotransformation involves the conjugation of drugs with glucuronic acid?
Which phase of biotransformation involves the conjugation of drugs with glucuronic acid?
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Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to the drug?
Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to the drug?
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Which phase of metabolism increases the water solubility of drug molecules?
Which phase of metabolism increases the water solubility of drug molecules?
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Do all drugs require both phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation?
Do all drugs require both phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation?
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Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation pathway that involves hydrolysis?
Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation pathway that involves hydrolysis?
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Which enzyme is responsible for the N-hydroxylation of procainamide?
Which enzyme is responsible for the N-hydroxylation of procainamide?
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Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation pathway?
Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation pathway?
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Which of the following is a common metabolic pathway for secondary and tertiary amines?
Which of the following is a common metabolic pathway for secondary and tertiary amines?
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Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to drugs?
Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to drugs?
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Which of the following is a major conjugation pathway for phenols, alcohols, and amines?
Which of the following is a major conjugation pathway for phenols, alcohols, and amines?
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True or False: Glutathione conjugation is a phase II biotransformation process.
True or False: Glutathione conjugation is a phase II biotransformation process.
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Which enzyme is involved in N-acetylation of primary amino groups?
Which enzyme is involved in N-acetylation of primary amino groups?
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What is the main metabolic product of p-aminosalicylic acid?
What is the main metabolic product of p-aminosalicylic acid?
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Which amino acid is commonly used for conjugation with xenobiotics?
Which amino acid is commonly used for conjugation with xenobiotics?
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True or False: Acetylation increases the water solubility of drugs.
True or False: Acetylation increases the water solubility of drugs.
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Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of amide or peptide bonds during amino acid conjugation?
Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of amide or peptide bonds during amino acid conjugation?
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Which of the following is the main pathway of biotransformation for primary aromatic amines?
Which of the following is the main pathway of biotransformation for primary aromatic amines?
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Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation?
Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation?
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Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation?
Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation?
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Which of the following is the main metabolic pathway for the drug?
Which of the following is the main metabolic pathway for the drug?
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Which of the following is a common biotransformation pathway for secondary and tertiary amines?
Which of the following is a common biotransformation pathway for secondary and tertiary amines?
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Which ester group in the structure of Cocaine is readily hydrolyzed by esterases and why?
Which ester group in the structure of Cocaine is readily hydrolyzed by esterases and why?
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Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation pathway that involves hydrolysis?
Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation pathway that involves hydrolysis?
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Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation pathway?
Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation pathway?
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Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to drugs?
Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to drugs?
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Which of the following is a common metabolic pathway for secondary and tertiary amines?
Which of the following is a common metabolic pathway for secondary and tertiary amines?
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Which phase of drug metabolism introduces a new functional group or modifies an existing group?
Which phase of drug metabolism introduces a new functional group or modifies an existing group?
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Which enzyme family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
Which enzyme family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
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True or False: All drugs require phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation processes for their elimination from the body.
True or False: All drugs require phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation processes for their elimination from the body.
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Which phase of biotransformation is involved in the deactivation of reactive intermediates formed during drug metabolism?
Which phase of biotransformation is involved in the deactivation of reactive intermediates formed during drug metabolism?
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Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of amide or peptide bonds during amino acid conjugation?
Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of amide or peptide bonds during amino acid conjugation?
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True or False: N-dealkylation is an oxidation reaction.
True or False: N-dealkylation is an oxidation reaction.
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Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of 1/3 of all important drugs?
Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of 1/3 of all important drugs?
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Which phase of drug metabolism increases water solubility?
Which phase of drug metabolism increases water solubility?
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Which of the following is a phase 2 biotransformation?
Which of the following is a phase 2 biotransformation?
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True or False: Acetylation increases the water solubility of drugs.
True or False: Acetylation increases the water solubility of drugs.
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Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to drugs?
Which enzyme is responsible for transferring glucuronic acid to drugs?
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Which organ has the highest metabolic capacity for drug biotransformation?
Which organ has the highest metabolic capacity for drug biotransformation?
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Which phase of drug metabolism prepares the compound for phase II metabolism?
Which phase of drug metabolism prepares the compound for phase II metabolism?
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Which enzyme family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
Which enzyme family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
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Which of the following organs have significant metabolic capacity for drug biotransformation?
Which of the following organs have significant metabolic capacity for drug biotransformation?
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Which site is predominantly responsible for the localization of phase I oxidative enzymes?
Which site is predominantly responsible for the localization of phase I oxidative enzymes?
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Which cytochrome P450 family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
Which cytochrome P450 family is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically important drugs?
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Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of one-third of all important drugs?
Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of one-third of all important drugs?
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Which functional groups can be introduced into a wide variety of compounds by cytochromes P450?
Which functional groups can be introduced into a wide variety of compounds by cytochromes P450?
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Which enzyme is involved in the oxidation of alkenes to epoxides?
Which enzyme is involved in the oxidation of alkenes to epoxides?
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Which of the following is the main pathway of biotransformation for primary aromatic amines?
Which of the following is the main pathway of biotransformation for primary aromatic amines?
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Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation?
Which of the following is a phase I biotransformation?
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Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation?
Which of the following is a phase II biotransformation?
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Which of the following is metabolized by dealkylation pathway?
Which of the following is metabolized by dealkylation pathway?
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The structure of Cocaine contains two ester groups. Which of these groups is readily hydrolyzed by esterases and why?
The structure of Cocaine contains two ester groups. Which of these groups is readily hydrolyzed by esterases and why?
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N-dealkylation of secondary and tertiary amines is a common biotransformation pathway. The product formed has a longer half-life and contributes to biological activity.
N-dealkylation of secondary and tertiary amines is a common biotransformation pathway. The product formed has a longer half-life and contributes to biological activity.
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The following biotransformation takes place in Phase I
The following biotransformation takes place in Phase I
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Phase II reaction involving glucuronic acid takes place in
Phase II reaction involving glucuronic acid takes place in
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Phase I reaction involving CYP450 takes place in, a monooxygenase reaction
Phase I reaction involving CYP450 takes place in, a monooxygenase reaction
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One of the following medications is converted to an active metabolite after Phase I Reaction
One of the following medications is converted to an active metabolite after Phase I Reaction
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Conversion of propranolol by Phase I reaction produces an active metabolite called
Conversion of propranolol by Phase I reaction produces an active metabolite called
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Codeine converts to an active (morphine metabolite) in Phase 1 reaction by N-demethylation
Codeine converts to an active (morphine metabolite) in Phase 1 reaction by N-demethylation
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Which one of the following uses Cytochrome P 450 family called CYP3A4 in Phase I
Which one of the following uses Cytochrome P 450 family called CYP3A4 in Phase I
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VS.-Para location is the most preferred location for Aromatic hydroxylation in molecules with steric hindrance groups and electron donating groups
VS.-Para location is the most preferred location for Aromatic hydroxylation in molecules with steric hindrance groups and electron donating groups
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Ketoprofen has no aromatic hydroxylation.
Ketoprofen has no aromatic hydroxylation.
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Most Aromatic Oxidations first produces ______________ which is highly (reactive, toxic and carcinogenic) metabolites; this later reacts with________________ making the product non toxic by deactivation.
Most Aromatic Oxidations first produces ______________ which is highly (reactive, toxic and carcinogenic) metabolites; this later reacts with________________ making the product non toxic by deactivation.
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_____________________it undergoes ____________to a metabolite in aplastic anemia and undergoes __________, therefore repeated doses will bring about decreased half life.
_____________________it undergoes ____________to a metabolite in aplastic anemia and undergoes __________, therefore repeated doses will bring about decreased half life.
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One of the following actions are used to terminate actions.
One of the following actions are used to terminate actions.
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