Drug Metabolism Lecture Quiz

Phase I reactions convert the parent drug to a more polar (water-soluble) or more reactive product by unmasking or inserting a polar functional group such as ´OH, ´SH, or ´NH2. Occurs mostly in the ______

Most drugs are lipid soluble rather than water soluble so they need to be made more ______ to be excreted directly by the kidneys

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes, functioning as ______

CYP 1-3 families are involved in drug metabolism. There are many isoforms of CYP enzymes differing from each other in amino acid sequence and specificity of the reactions they catalyse. CYP3A4 accounts for ~55% of drug metabolism. CYP2D6 accounts for ~25% of drug metabolism. There is a huge genetic variability in P450 enzymes amongst individuals and races, which can affect drug efficacy and the risk of side effects

Drug is a chemical substance which produces a biological effect following its administration to the body. Medication or medicine is a drug administered to the body to cure or improve a medical condition. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs and their metabolites through the body. Pharmacokinetic stages: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, ______

Oxidation reaction requires oxygen, ______ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and ______ P450 reductase. The overall cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation reaction can be represented as: $Drug + O2 + ______ + H+ ightarrow Drug-OH + NADP+ + H2O$. There are around 60 CYP enzymes. There are many isoforms of CYP enzymes differing from each other in amino acid sequence and specificity of the reactions they catalyse. CYP3A4 accounts for ~55% of drug metabolism. CYP2D6 accounts for ~25% of drug metabolism. There is a huge genetic variability in P450 enzymes amongst individuals and races, which can affect drug efficacy and the risk of side effects

There is a huge genetic variability in P450 enzymes amongst individuals and races, which can affect drug efficacy and the risk of side effects. CYP3A4 accounts for ~55% of drug metabolism. CYP2D6 accounts for ~25% of drug metabolism. There are around 60 CYP enzymes. There are many isoforms of CYP enzymes differing from each other in amino acid sequence and specificity of the reactions they catalyse. CYP 1-3 families are involved in drug metabolism

Reactions that convert the parent drug to a more polar (water-soluble) or more reactive product by unmasking or inserting a polar functional group such as ´OH, ´SH, or ´NH2. Occurs mostly in liver (most enzymes in the ER of cells). May also occur in the GI tract, kidney, lung and plasma. Converts lipophilic drugs into more polar molecules. Involves oxidation (most common), reduction and hydrolysis reactions

Pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs and their metabolites through the body. Pharmacokinetic stages: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, ______

Pharmacology is the study of drug interaction with the body. Drug is a chemical substance which produces a biological effect following its administration to the body. Medication or medicine is a drug administered to the body to cure or improve a medical condition. Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug. Pharmacokinetic stages: Absorption, Distribution, ______, Elimination (ADME)

Phase I reactions convert the parent drug to a more polar (water-soluble) or more reactive product by unmasking or inserting a polar functional group such as ´OH, ´SH, or ´NH2. Occurs mostly in the ______

Most drugs are lipid soluble rather than water soluble so they need to be made more ______ to be excreted directly by the kidneys

Pharmacokinetic stages: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, ______, Elimination (ADME)

CYP450 Enzymes require oxygen, NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and NADPHP450 reductase. The overall cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation reaction can be represented as: $Drug + O2 + ______ + H+ \rightarrow Drug-OH + NADP+ + H2O$

Pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs and their metabolites through the body. Pharmacokinetic stages: Absorption, Distribution, ______, Elimination (ADME)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes, functioning as ______

Oxidation reaction requires oxygen, ______ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and NADPHP450 reductase. The overall cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation reaction can be represented as: $Drug + O2 + NADPH + H+ \rightarrow Drug-OH + NADP+ + H2O$

There is a huge genetic variability in P450 enzymes amongst individuals and races, which can affect drug efficacy and the risk of side effects. CYP3A4 accounts for ~55% of drug metabolism. CYP2D6 accounts for ~25% of drug metabolism. There are around 60 CYP enzymes. There are many isoforms of CYP enzymes differing from each other in amino acid sequence and specificity of the reactions they catalyse. CYP 1-3 families are involved in drug ______

Pharmacology is the study of drug interaction with the body. Drug is a chemical substance which produces a biological effect following its administration to the body. Medication or medicine is a drug administered to the body to cure or improve a medical condition. Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug. Pharmacokinetic stages: Absorption, Distribution, ______, Elimination (ADME)

There is a huge genetic variability in P450 enzymes amongst individuals and races, which can affect drug efficacy and the risk of side effects. CYP3A4 accounts for ~55% of drug metabolism. CYP2D6 accounts for ~25% of drug metabolism. There are around 60 CYP enzymes. There are many isoforms of CYP enzymes differing from each other in amino acid sequence and specificity of the reactions they catalyse. CYP 1-3 families are involved in drug ______