Drug Metabolism and Grapefruit Juice Interaction
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Questions and Answers

Which dietary factor inhibits CYP3A4, leading to toxicity of midazolam, cyclosporine, and diazepam?

  • Grapefruit juice (correct)
  • Cruciferous vegetables
  • Ethanol
  • Barbecued meat

Which genetic factor results from the presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence among different individuals or populations?

  • CYP1A2 induction
  • CYP3A4 inhibition
  • Genetic polymorphisms (correct)
  • CYP2D6 upregulation

Which environmental factor induces CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, affecting the metabolism of theophylline?

  • Insecticides
  • Cigarette smoke (correct)
  • High-altitude hypoxia
  • Heavy metal exposure

Which substance inhibits CYP3A4, leading to an increased toxic effect of nifedipine, clarithromycin, and simvastatin?

<p>Grapefruit juice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the 4-hydroxylation of phenytoin in Phase I metabolism?

<p>CYP2C9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Phase II Metabolism, which enzyme is responsible for conjugating a molecule of glucuronic acid to phenytoin to increase its aqueous solubility?

<p>Glucuronosyltransferase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for carrying out most oxidation reactions in drug metabolism?

<p>Cytochrome P450 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are cytochrome P450 enzymes primarily located within the cell?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hyperthermia affect drug metabolism involving CYP450 enzymes?

<p>Reduces drug metabolism by inhibiting the activity of CYP450 enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does active liver disease have on drug metabolism involving CYP450 enzymes?

<p>Reduces drug metabolism due to impaired enzyme function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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