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What individuals pose a unique challenge when gathering information on a topic?
What individuals pose a unique challenge when gathering information on a topic?
The sequence and exact wording of each background question should be dictated by the flow of the verbal conversation.
The sequence and exact wording of each background question should be dictated by the flow of the verbal conversation.
True
The initial question posed by the requestor will always agree with the researcher's final response.
The initial question posed by the requestor will always agree with the researcher's final response.
False
What is the purpose of understanding the 'ultimate question' in drug information inquiries?
What is the purpose of understanding the 'ultimate question' in drug information inquiries?
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If adequate background information is not gathered properly, determining the ultimate research question might be difficult.
If adequate background information is not gathered properly, determining the ultimate research question might be difficult.
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The categorization of a question is crucial to establish a search strategy, but not in determining the necessary resources for information retrieval.
The categorization of a question is crucial to establish a search strategy, but not in determining the necessary resources for information retrieval.
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What is the purpose of prioritizing drug information resources?
What is the purpose of prioritizing drug information resources?
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Critically evaluating the retrieved information is mainly relevant for the technician, to showcase their expertise.
Critically evaluating the retrieved information is mainly relevant for the technician, to showcase their expertise.
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Proper analysis and synthesis of information must incorporate background details gathered previously to ensure relevance and usefulness to the inquirer.
Proper analysis and synthesis of information must incorporate background details gathered previously to ensure relevance and usefulness to the inquirer.
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In formulating a response, it is important to clearly highlight the advantages of one course of action over the other.
In formulating a response, it is important to clearly highlight the advantages of one course of action over the other.
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The majority of drug information responses are typically provided verbally.
The majority of drug information responses are typically provided verbally.
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How should conflicting data in the literature be presented to the requestor?
How should conflicting data in the literature be presented to the requestor?
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What does Step I in the logical argument format involve?
What does Step I in the logical argument format involve?
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What is the main idea of Step II in the logical argument format?
What is the main idea of Step II in the logical argument format?
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What is the focus of Step III in the logical argument format?
What is the focus of Step III in the logical argument format?
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What is Step IV in the logical argument format intended to accomplish?
What is Step IV in the logical argument format intended to accomplish?
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What is the purpose of Step V in the logical argument format?
What is the purpose of Step V in the logical argument format?
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Only presenting one side of a conflict is a good practice because it conveys a straightforward and clear message.
Only presenting one side of a conflict is a good practice because it conveys a straightforward and clear message.
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When formulating a response, it is essential to ensure that the message is easily understood, regardless of the setting or circumstances.
When formulating a response, it is essential to ensure that the message is easily understood, regardless of the setting or circumstances.
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What is the main benefit of following up on a drug information response?
What is the main benefit of following up on a drug information response?
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When is following up on a drug information response particularly essential?
When is following up on a drug information response particularly essential?
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Follow-up is not necessary if the drug information request is not part of a patient-specific case.
Follow-up is not necessary if the drug information request is not part of a patient-specific case.
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Which of the following methods can be used for acquiring follow-up feedback?
Which of the following methods can be used for acquiring follow-up feedback?
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What is the main purpose of 'follow-through' in the context of drug information?
What is the main purpose of 'follow-through' in the context of drug information?
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Follow-through is necessary if the information provided is proven to be inaccurate.
Follow-through is necessary if the information provided is proven to be inaccurate.
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Study Notes
Drug Information
- Background questions should be a dialogue.
- The order and wording depend on the conversation flow.
- Intermediaries (e.g., medical students, nurses, pharmacists) present a problem for obtaining full background information since they are not the end-user.
- Sometimes intermediaries lack sufficient information to answer the background questions.
- When dealing with intermediaries, decide to either work with them or bypass them.
- Working with intermediaries involves educating them about needed information
- Bypassing intermediaries means directly interacting with the end user.
Categorizing Questions
- The original question asked by the requester may not be the same as the ultimate subject of the research by the responder.
- The ultimate question reflects what the requester truly wants to know.
- For example, a patient asking about the effectiveness of β-blockers for hypertension might actually want to know about possible side effects like sexual dysfunction.
- The ultimate question in this case would be: Do β-blockers cause sexual dysfunction?
- The final response may differ from the initial question, yet satisfy the requester.
- Determining the ultimate question is crucial for using a modified systematic approach effectively and obtaining accurate results, especially for drug information requests.
- Adequate background information is essential to properly determine the ultimate question.
- If background information is lacking, pinpointing the ultimate question may be impossible.
- Confirming the ultimate question is critical before categorizing and developing search strategies.
- Once the ultimate question is clear, the question is categorized.
- Categorization is helpful for developing a search strategy and identifying relevant resources.
- Categorizing a question as "adverse effect" helps select appropriate resources.
Search Strategy
- Categorizing the ultimate question guides resource selection.
- Selected resources are prioritized based on their likelihood of containing the desired information.
- Priority should be based on probable usefulness, not ease of access.
Data Evaluation, Analysis, and Synthesis
- Retrieved information must be critically evaluated.
- Skills in evaluating literature, clinical application, and statistical analysis are required.
- Applying these skills distinguishes professionals from technicians and using a modified systematic approach.
- Analysis and synthesis must consider existing background information to ensure a relevant and useful response for the requester.
Formulation and Providing Responses
- If one course of action is better than another, this must be clearly communicated to the requester.
- Responses need to be given and should be appropriate for the context (e.g., written vs. verbal).
- If the results show conflicting information, use a logical argument.
Format for Logical Argument
- Step 1: present opposing viewpoints.
- Step 2: assess the literature and declare the superior viewpoint.
- Step 3: point out and address the weaknesses of the opposing viewpoint.
- Step 4: reiterate and support the strengths of the superior viewpoint.
- Step 5: restate your final conclusion to support the superior viewpoint.
Follow-Up, Follow-Through, and Documentation
- Follow-up: verifying the accuracy and completeness of the response after communication.
- Important for professional credibility.
- Includes ensuring information receipt, documenting questions, and using questions as future references.
- Done through emails, phone calls, or written formats.
- Patient-specific requests, particularly judgment-based ones (e.g. therapeutic assistance or dosage recommendations) often require follow-ups, especially if decisions were based on weak evidence.
- Follow-through: revisiting the request considering new data or changed circumstances.
- This includes new publications or a patient's condition worsening (e.g., renal/hepatic failure).
- Considered good practice for professional responses.
- Documentation: important to decrease liability, improve services, and support continuous service improvement.
- Include the ultimate question, relevant materials, the response, and follow-up/follow-through steps.
- Can be from simple to comprehensive.
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Description
Explore the complexities of gathering drug information, particularly when intermediaries such as medical students, nurses, and pharmacists are involved. This quiz addresses strategies for effective communication and clarification of background questions in the context of patient care.
