Drug-Food Interactions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential consequence of taking an MAOI with tyramine-rich foods?

Increased metabolism of catecholamines

Hypertensive crisis (correct)

Inhibition of tyramine release

Decreased absorption of nutrients

How does calcium in milk interact with certain antibiotics?

Enhances the effectiveness of the antibiotics

Increases their side effects

Neutralizes the antibiotics

Decreases the absorption of the antibiotics (correct)

What effect does excessive vitamin K intake have when taking warfarin?

Increases warfarin effect

Causes vitamin D deficiency

Decreases warfarin effect (correct)

No interaction is observed

What is the effect of grapefruit juice on certain medications?

Inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity Signup and view all the answers

What impact do high fiber foods have on drugs like atorvastatin?

Decrease GI absorption of the drug Signup and view all the answers

How does folic acid interact with antiepileptic drugs?

Inhibits folate absorption Signup and view all the answers

What substance can lead to depletion of folic acid when taken with antibiotics?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of antacids interacting with folic acid?

Decreases folate absorption Signup and view all the answers

What effect does ascorbic acid have when combined with aspirin?

Decreases mucosal damage Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction leads to vitamin B6 deficiency?

Isoniazid Signup and view all the answers

What happens to vitamin D levels when using a CYP450 inducer like phenytoin?

Decreases blood levels of vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs can interfere with the absorption of calcium?

Orlistat Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of taking NSAIDs chronically in relation to iron?

Enhanced iron deficiency and anemia Signup and view all the answers

What can cause hypokalemia in patients?

Colchicine Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of substances binds iron and affects its absorption?

Polyphenols and tannins Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic can decrease the bioavailability of zinc?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug-Food Interactions

MAOI + tyramine in food: Increases blood tyramine levels, leading to uncontrolled catecholamine release. This can cause a hypertensive crisis with symptoms including hypertension, headache, tachycardia, arrhythmia, and stroke.
Milk and dairy products + tetracycline/ciprofloxacin: Forms a chelate, reducing antibiotic absorption and effectiveness.
Warfarin + vitamin K-rich foods: Excessive vitamin K intake reduces warfarin's anticoagulant effect, increasing the risk of thrombosis. Examples of high vitamin K foods are foods like bran, liver, spinach, broccoli, cabbage, and lettuce.
Grapefruit juice + drugs: Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 in the small intestine and liver, reducing drug metabolism. This leads to higher blood levels of the drug, increasing its effects and potential side effects.
Drugs + fiber: Fiber reduces the absorption of certain drugs, decreasing their serum levels and effectiveness.
Drugs + caffeine: Some drugs slow the metabolism of caffeine, leading to higher blood levels and potentially excessive nervous system (CNS) or cardiovascular effects.

Drug-Vitamin Interactions

B-carotene + drugs: Certain drugs (antibiotics, laxatives, cholesterol-lowering drugs) interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins including B-carotene and ADEK. This reduces absorption and blood levels.
Folic acid + antiepileptic drugs: Antiepileptic drugs (e.g., phenytoin) inhibit folate absorption and can also induce CYP450 enzymes. Antacids also interfere with folate absorption.
Ascorbic acid + aspirin: Aspirin can increase the damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Ascorbic acid can affect estrogen levels in oral contraceptives which can cause adverse reactions.
Vitamins + oral contraceptives/isoniazid/cyclosporine: These drugs can reduce absorption and blood levels of some vitamins, leading to deficiencies (e.g. vitamin B6 deficiency). This can lead to anemia and peripheral neuropathy.

Drug-Mineral Interactions

Calcium + drugs: Drugs like aluminum- or magnesium-containing antacids, cholestyramine, tetracyclines, quinolones, and corticosteroids, reduce calcium absorption. Phenytoin or Phenobarbital also decrease calcium absorption.
Iron + drugs: Chelating agents (e.g., clofibrate, deferoxamine, dimercaprol, EDTA), and quinolones reduce iron absorption. Aspirin or NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia. Iron (non-heme) binds to polyphenols and tannins in coffee, black tea leading to poor absorption of iron. This is important for infants children, pregnant, and lactating women.
Potassium + drugs: Some drugs (e.g., amphotericin B, colchicine, corticosteroids, laxatives, ACE inhibitors, losartan, spironolactone, cyclosporine) can either decrease or increase potassium levels (hyper/hypokalemia), potentially leading to cardiotoxicity.
Zinc + drugs: Drugs like ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines can reduce the absorption and bioavailability of zinc.

Vitamin B, K, and D Interactions

Vitamins + CYP450 inducers: CYP450 inducers (e.g., phenytoin, phenobarbital) affect the metabolism of vitamins D and K, leading to reduced blood levels and deficiency symptoms.
Drugs interfering with vitamin absorption: Drugs can interfere with absorption of vitamins, e.g. cholestyramine, neomycin, orlistat (decrease Vitamin D) and cholestyramine and mineral oil (decrease vitamin K).
Drugs enhancing bone mineralization: These drugs enhance effects of certain nutrients for bone mineralization (e.g. biphosphonate, estrogen/progestrin) potentially causing synergistic interactions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on drug-food interactions and their effects on medication absorption and metabolism. This quiz covers important combinations like MAOIs with tyramine, warfarin with vitamin K, and the impact of grapefruit juice on drug effectiveness. Gain a deeper understanding of how dietary choices can influence pharmacology.