Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes drug elimination?
The irreversible removal of the drug from the body
How are nonvolatile and polar drugs mainly excreted from the body?
Mainly by renal excretion into urine
Where are the enzymes involved in drug biotransformation mainly located?
Liver
How do volatile drugs, such as gaseous anesthetics, get excreted from the body?
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What does drug metabolism or biotransformation entail?
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Which organ is responsible for the removal of metabolic waste products and plays a major role in maintaining normal fluid volume and electrolyte composition in the body?
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What is the main endocrine function of the kidney?
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Where are the nephrons located, which are collectively responsible for the removal of metabolic waste and the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance?
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Which type of nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend into the medulla?
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What is the approximate number of nephrons present in each kidney?
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What is the main excretory organ for the removal of metabolic waste products?
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Which endocrine function of the kidney regulates blood pressure?
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Where are the nephrons located, which are responsible for the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance?
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What is the basic functional unit responsible for the removal of metabolic waste?
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Which type of nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend into the medulla?
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Study Notes
Drug Elimination and Metabolism
- Drug elimination is the removal of drugs from the body
- Nonvolatile and polar drugs are mainly excreted from the body through the kidneys
- Volatile drugs, such as gaseous anesthetics, are excreted from the body through exhalation
Enzymes and Biotransformation
- Enzymes involved in drug biotransformation are mainly located in the liver
- Drug metabolism or biotransformation entails the conversion of lipophilic drugs into hydrophilic compounds that can be easily excreted
Kidney Function
- The kidney is responsible for the removal of metabolic waste products and plays a major role in maintaining normal fluid volume and electrolyte composition in the body
- The main endocrine function of the kidney is regulating blood pressure
- Nephrons, located in the kidney, are collectively responsible for the removal of metabolic waste and the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance
- There are approximately 1 million nephrons present in each kidney
- The kidney is the main excretory organ for the removal of metabolic waste products
Nephron Structure and Function
- Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend into the medulla
- Nephrons are the basic functional unit responsible for the removal of metabolic waste
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