Drug Elimination and Special Carriers Quiz

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What branch of pharmacology deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems?

Botanical pharmacology

Toxicology (correct)

Ecosystem pharmacology

Medical pharmacology

What should all dietary supplements and health therapies meet in terms of standards?

No standards at all

Higher standards than conventional drugs

The same standards as conventional drugs (correct)

Lower standards than conventional drugs

Which area of study in pharmacology is focused on understanding the actions of drugs on individual organisms?

Environmental pharmacology

Ecosystem pharmacology

Medical pharmacology (correct)

Botanical pharmacology

What are the two large domains into which the actions of chemicals can be divided?

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Signup and view all the answers

How do the chemicals in botanicals differ from those in manufactured drugs?

They contain more impurities Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacodynamics primarily concern?

Actions of chemicals on organisms Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main ways a drug should be eliminated from the body?

Metabolic inactivation, excretion, facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Why are special carrier molecules important for some substances important for cell function?

To facilitate movement through membranes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes special carrier molecules from passive diffusion?

They are selective, saturable, and inhibitable Signup and view all the answers

Which family of transporters binds adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

ABC (ATP-binding cassette) family Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mechanism for drug permeation?

Aqueous or lipid diffusion Signup and view all the answers

How can drug vehicles facilitate drug transport?

By encapsulating the active agent in liposomes Signup and view all the answers

What type of substances are stored in membrane-bound vesicles in nerve endings to protect them from metabolic destruction?

Neurotransmitter substances Signup and view all the answers

What determines the mobility of drug molecules in the medium of the diffusion path?

Permeability coefficient Signup and view all the answers

Which form of a weak acid will be more lipid-soluble at acid pH?

Uncharged form Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the secretion of many substances from cells?

Exocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What does Fick's Law of Diffusion describe?

Passive flux of molecules down a concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

How does the lipid:aqueous partition coefficient impact the mobility of a drug?

Determines how readily the drug enters the lipid membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is pharmacology defined as?

The study of substances interacting with living systems through chemical processes Signup and view all the answers

Who were pioneers in developing experimental physiology and pharmacology in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

François Magendie and Claude Bernard Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules do small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) target for therapeutic effects?

Nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What do antisense oligonucleotides (ANOs) interfere with?

Genes and RNA transcription Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacology study in relation to living systems?

Chemical interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of pharmacology in relation to patients?

Toxic effects on patients' regulatory processes Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of drug molecules according to Fick’s law?

Concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the flux of charged drugs in addition to the concentration gradient?

Membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

Where do drug molecules permeate across in the body, besides larger aqueous compartments?

Epithelial membrane tight junctions Signup and view all the answers

Which transporter is found in the brain, testes, and some drug-resistant neoplastic cells?

P-glycoprotein transporter Signup and view all the answers

What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation express for a weak acid or weak base?

Lipid-soluble form to water-soluble form ratio Signup and view all the answers

How does the pH of the medium affect the movement of weak acids and weak bases between aqueous and lipid media?

It affects the ability to move from aqueous to lipid or vice versa Signup and view all the answers