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Questions and Answers
Which dosage form is suitable for administration to the patient as tablets, ointments, and injections?
Which dosage form is suitable for administration to the patient as tablets, ointments, and injections?
- Inhalations
- Liquid dosage forms
- Semi-solid dosage forms
- Solid dosage forms (correct)
Which type of tablets dissolves in the stomach or small intestine?
Which type of tablets dissolves in the stomach or small intestine?
- Enteric coated tablets (correct)
- Chewable tablets
- Sustained release tablets
- Dispersible tablets
Which liquid dosage form is prepared by mixing the drug in water and can be used for oral, topical, or parenteral administration?
Which liquid dosage form is prepared by mixing the drug in water and can be used for oral, topical, or parenteral administration?
- Injections
- Elixirs
- Aqueous solutions (correct)
- Drops
Which semi-solid dosage form is suitable for application to the skin and eyes?
Which semi-solid dosage form is suitable for application to the skin and eyes?
Which type of capsules dissolve in the stomach or small intestine?
Which type of capsules dissolve in the stomach or small intestine?
Which type of liquid dosage form is a syrup with a high concentration of sugar?
Which type of liquid dosage form is a syrup with a high concentration of sugar?
Which solid dosage form is inserted into the anal canal and dissolves at body temperature?
Which solid dosage form is inserted into the anal canal and dissolves at body temperature?
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What is the purpose of binding agents in tablets?
What is the purpose of binding agents in tablets?
Which semi-solid dosage form is absorbed better into the skin?
Which semi-solid dosage form is absorbed better into the skin?
In which type of liquid dosage form is the drug mixed in water and suitable for oral, topical, or parenteral administration?
In which type of liquid dosage form is the drug mixed in water and suitable for oral, topical, or parenteral administration?
Which type of tablets is designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth?
Which type of tablets is designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth?
Which type of injections are typically found in vials or ampoules?
Which type of injections are typically found in vials or ampoules?
Which liquid dosage form involves drug mixed with a gelatin-like viscous material?
Which liquid dosage form involves drug mixed with a gelatin-like viscous material?
What is the main difference between creams and ointments as semi-solid dosage forms?
What is the main difference between creams and ointments as semi-solid dosage forms?
Which type of tablets are designed to dissolve in the stomach or small intestine?
Which type of tablets are designed to dissolve in the stomach or small intestine?
What is the primary difference between capsules and tablets as dosage forms?
What is the primary difference between capsules and tablets as dosage forms?
Which type of solid dosage form is inserted into the anal canal and dissolves at body temperature?
Which type of solid dosage form is inserted into the anal canal and dissolves at body temperature?
What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?
What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?
Which of the following is NOT a level of drug effects in pharmacodynamics?
Which of the following is NOT a level of drug effects in pharmacodynamics?
What is the definition of a receptor in pharmacodynamics?
What is the definition of a receptor in pharmacodynamics?
What type of drug often binds to its target via weak, reversible bonds?
What type of drug often binds to its target via weak, reversible bonds?
What is the clinical effect of a drug in pharmacodynamics primarily dependent on?
What is the clinical effect of a drug in pharmacodynamics primarily dependent on?
What is the mechanism of action of an inverse agonist?
What is the mechanism of action of an inverse agonist?
Which type of receptors have endogenous agonists?
Which type of receptors have endogenous agonists?
Which pathway involves the activation of effector adenylyl cyclase and subsequent formation of cAMP?
Which pathway involves the activation of effector adenylyl cyclase and subsequent formation of cAMP?
Which G protein subtype is associated with serotonin (5HT1) receptors?
Which G protein subtype is associated with serotonin (5HT1) receptors?
What is the primary function of direct ligand-gated ion channel receptors?
What is the primary function of direct ligand-gated ion channel receptors?
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Study Notes
Dosage Forms
- Tablets, ointments, and injections are suitable for administration to patients.
- Enteric-coated tablets dissolve in the small intestine.
- Solutions are prepared by mixing the drug in water and can be used for oral, topical, or parenteral administration.
- Ointments and creams are semi-solid dosage forms suitable for application to the skin and eyes.
- Gelatin capsules dissolve in the stomach or small intestine.
- Syrups are liquid dosage forms with a high concentration of sugar.
- Suppositories are solid dosage forms inserted into the anal canal and dissolve at body temperature.
Tablet Properties
- Binding agents are used in tablets to hold the powder together.
- Buccal tablets are designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth.
- Enteric-coated tablets dissolve in the stomach or small intestine.
Liquid Dosage Forms
- Solutions involve mixing the drug in water and are suitable for oral, topical, or parenteral administration.
- Injections are typically found in vials or ampoules.
- Gels are liquid dosage forms that involve drug mixed with a gelatin-like viscous material.
Semi-Solid Dosage Forms
- Ointments are more occlusive and less absorbed into the skin compared to creams.
- Creams are more hydrophilic and absorbed better into the skin compared to ointments.
Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacodynamics focuses on the effects of drugs on the body.
- The primary difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is that pharmacodynamics deals with the effects of drugs, while pharmacokinetics deals with the movement of drugs in the body.
- A receptor is a specific binding site for a drug or ligand.
- Agonists often bind to their target via weak, reversible bonds.
- The clinical effect of a drug is primarily dependent on the drug's concentration at the site of action.
- Inverse agonists decrease the normal physiological response.
- G-protein coupled receptors have endogenous agonists.
- The cAMP pathway involves the activation of effector adenylyl cyclase and subsequent formation of cAMP.
- The G protein subtype associated with serotonin (5HT1) receptors is Gαi.
- Direct ligand-gated ion channel receptors directly open or close an ion channel, leading to a rapid change in the ion flux across the membrane.
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