Drug Delivery through the Skin Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of suppositories?

  • Treating constipation and haemorrhoids (correct)
  • Treating skin conditions
  • Treating respiratory infections
  • Oral drug administration

    • Which part of the body is NOT considered for suppository administration?

  • Rectum
  • Urethra
  • Oral cavity (correct)
  • Vagina

    • Why is the anal route considered an excellent route for drug absorption?

  • It provides an alternative for patients with swallowing difficulties (correct)
  • It avoids drug absorption into the system
  • It has a lower bioavailability compared to tablets
  • It allows drug absorption through the liver

    • What is the significance of checking the bioavailability of a suppository compared to a tablet?

    <p>To ensure proper drug dosage when swapping between the two forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a commonly used suppository base?

    <p>Theobroma oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of most suppositories?

    <p>Local effects such as treating constipation or haemorrhoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the anal route considered an excellent route for drug absorption?

    <p>It avoids the stomach and liver, allowing more drug to enter the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When swapping between a suppository and a tablet, what is important to check?

    <p>Bioavailability of the suppository compared to the tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are designed for oral administration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppository bases usually used include mixtures of polyethylene glycols.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most suppositories are prescribed for systemic effects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a suppository and an insert?

    <p>Suppositories are inserted into the rectum, while inserts are inserted into other body cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes rectal drug administration an attractive option compared to parenteral therapy?

    <p>Lower cost and fewer technical difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances does rectal administration become a good alternative to the oral route?

    <p>When the oral route is unsuitable due to nausea or vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a base in suppositories and inserts?

    <p>To melt, soften, or dissolve at body temperature to release the medicament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are only suitable for producing local action, and cannot produce a systemic effect

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rectal administration is often the first choice for drug delivery due to its convenience

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inserts can be inserted into the mouth or rectum

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The low cost and lack of technical difficulties make rectal drug administration unattractive compared to parenteral therapy

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pharmaceutical preparation can be administered via the rectum for local or systemic effect?

    <p>Solid unit dosage form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a rectal product of interest for administration via the rectum?

    <p>Suppositories and related products ,Enemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of rectal products that may be administered for local or systemic effect?

    <p>Solid, liquid, and semisolid dosage forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of urethral suppositories?

    <p>As antimicrobials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose can rectal suppositories be used systemically?

    <p>To relieve nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can vaginal suppositories be used?

    <p>As contraceptives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using suppositories for drug administration?

    <p>Avoiding hepatic first pass effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario are suppositories particularly useful?

    <p>Patients with nausea or vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the use of suppositories offer in pediatric patients?

    <p>Useful in children who refuse oral medication and fear injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories can administer large doses of drugs

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are not useful in patients with nausea or vomiting

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories achieve rapid drug absorption

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of suppositories related to drug absorption?

    <p>Low fluid content available for drug dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor limits the dosage flexibility of suppositories?

    <p>Lack of dosage flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of suppositories makes drug absorption susceptible to interruption?

    <p>Drug absorption may be interrupted by defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories have high fluid content available for drug dissolution

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lack of dosage flexibility is a disadvantage of suppositories

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are not affected by anorectal pathology in terms of effectiveness

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of drug absorption for medicaments absorbed in the lower part of the rectum?

    <p>Directly into the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the volume of rectal fluid have on the dissolution of a suppository base?

    <p>The volume is so small that complete dissolution of the base requires extra water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of drug absorption in the rectum primarily?

    <p>Passive diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to a painful sensation for the patient during the use of suppositories?

    <p>Osmotic effects of the dissolved base attracting water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does rectal absorption depend on?

    <p>Rectal physiology, drug physicochemical properties, nature of the suppository base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences rectal drug absorption?

    <p>Nature of the suppository base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical determinant for rectal drug absorption?

    <p>Drug physicochemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological factor influencing drug absorption in the rectum?

    <p>Quantity of dissolution fluid available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions does the absorption of slightly soluble drugs become dissolution rate limited in the rectum?

    <p>When the volume of dissolution fluid is very small under normal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can lead to enlargement of the volume of dissolution fluid in non-physiological conditions, influencing drug absorption in the rectum?

    <p>Non-physiological conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has great effects on drug bioavailability in rectal administration?

    <p>Composition, viscosity, and pH of rectal fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of the contents of the rectum that may influence drug absorption?

    <p>Faecal content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motility is observed in the colon during upright position?

    <p>Wave of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between solubility and dissolution rate in rectal drug absorption?

    <p>Higher solubility leads to higher dissolution rate and better absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does particle size affect drug absorption in the rectum?

    <p>Smaller particle size leads to more rapid dissolution and greater chance for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of alkaline pH on the ionization of basic drugs in rectal drug absorption?

    <p>At alkaline pH, basic drugs exist in their unionized form and are readily absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of rectal content, and how does it affect drug absorption?

    <p>pH 7-8; alkaline drugs are quickly absorbed than acidic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the partition coefficient of a drug influence its absorption?

    <p>Higher partition coefficient leads to more readily absorption of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an alkaline pH have on the ionization of basic drugs in rectal drug absorption?

    <p>Increases ionization of basic drugs, enhancing their absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can lead to enlargement of the volume of dissolution fluid in non-physiological conditions, influencing drug absorption in the rectum?

    <p>Osmotic attraction of water by water-soluble base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of the contents of the rectum that may influence drug absorption?

    <p>Faecal content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motility is observed in the colon during upright position that may stimulate spreading and promote absorption in the rectum?

    <p>Waves of contractions running over the wall of the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has great effects on drug bioavailability in rectal administration?

    <p>Composition, viscosity, pH, and surface tension of rectal fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the rectal valves?

    <p>To increase the surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the opening of the anus to the exterior?

    <p>Internal and external sphincters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the terminal part of the rectum called?

    <p>Anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of rectal fluids?

    <p>7.2-7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of veins in the rectum contribute to direct systemic absorption?

    <p>Inferior rectal veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the presence of fecal matter have on drug absorption in the rectum?

    <p>Reduces drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of rectal mucous?

    <p>7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins in the rectum connect with the hepatic portal system?

    <p>Inferior and superior haemorrhoidal veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much mucous does the rectum contain under normal conditions?

    <p>3 to 4 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under normal conditions, the rectum emptying and filling provokes a defecation reflex which is under voluntary control.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rectum contains about 2 to 3 ml of mucous, which has a pH of 7.4 and little buffering capacity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only the superior vein connects with the hepatic portal system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does particle size have on drug dissolution and absorption?

    <p>Smaller particle size leads to larger surface area, faster dissolution, and better absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the physicochemical property of a lipophilic drug in a hydrophilic base affect its release?

    <p>It is released more readily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the partition coefficient have on the release of a lipophilic drug?

    <p>Higher partition coefficient leads to more rapid release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does an irritating suppository base have on drug absorption in the rectum?

    <p>Impaired or prevented drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic must the base of a suppository have to release its drug for absorption?

    <p>Capable of melting, softening, or dissolving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the base of a suppository interacting with the drug to inhibit its release?

    <p>Impaired or prevented drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a base in suppositories?

    <p>To slowly dissolve in the mucous secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of rectal suppositories?

    <p>Producing local action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes suppositories particularly useful?

    <p>For producing local action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are suitable for producing only local action, and cannot produce a systemic effect

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories may be used to produce a systemic effect or to exert a mechanical effect to facilitate emptying the lower bowel

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are not suited for producing local action, and are only used for systemic effect

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal suppository base should be non-toxic and non-irritating to sensitive and inflamed tissues

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal suppository base should dissolve or disintegrate in the presence of mucous secretions or melt at body temperature to allow for uniform release of the medication

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the base is fatty, its saponification value should range from 200 to 245

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal suppository base should remain molten for a sufficient period of time to allow pouring into molds

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of an ideal suppository base?

    <p>Easily manufactured by compression or molding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional requirement is necessary for a fatty suppository base?

    <p>Saponification value ranges from 200 to 245</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial property of the base for a suppository containing dispersed solids?

    <p>Solidify sufficiently rapidly to minimize sedimentation of dispersed solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the base in a suppository?

    <p>To allow for uniform release of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the saponification value measure in a suppository base?

    <p>The bonded and unbonded acids present in an oil or fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the solidification point indicate about a suppository base?

    <p>The time required for the base to solidify when chilled in the mold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the melting range expressed as a range rather than a specific temperature for suppository bases?

    <p>Fats do not have sharp melting points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the source of origin refer to in suppository bases?

    <p>Whether it is entirely natural, synthetic, or modified natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppository bases have a sharp melting point.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The saponification value measures the bonded and unbonded acids present in an oil or fat.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ideal suppository base should remain molten for a sufficient period of time to allow pouring into molds.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are suitable for producing only local action, and cannot produce a systemic effect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water number measures the amount of water in grams that can be incorporated in 100 grams of fat.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High iodine values in fats can lead to rancidity due to increased decomposition by moisture, acids, and oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acid value measures the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acid in 1 gram of substance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the iodine value measure in fats or other unsaturated materials?

    <p>The number of grams of iodine that react with 100 grams of the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the water number measure in fats?

    <p>The amount of water in grams that can be incorporated in 100 grams of fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acid value measure in a substance?

    <p>The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acid in 1 gram of substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of suppository base melts at body temperature?

    <p>Cocoa butter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bases dissolve in body fluids for drug release?

    <p>PEG polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which base is a combination of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances?

    <p>PEG polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories that melt at body temperature are made of glycerinated gelatin bases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories can be made of a combination of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cocoa butter is an example of a base that melts at body temperature.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories are typically administered orally

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppositories may contain excipients such as lubricants and preservatives

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppository bases may be classified as oleaginous or water-soluble

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary requirements for a suitable basis for suppositories?

    <p>Melt at body temperature or dissolve in rectal mucus, contain suitable excipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are suppository bases classified based on their physical properties?

    <p>Oleaginous (fatty) bases and water soluble or miscible bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of suppository base composition?

    <p>It determines the rate and extent of release of medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the melting range of cocoa butter, a common suppository base?

    <p>30-36 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crystals does cocoa butter exhibit when used as a suppository base?

    <p>Alpha and Beta crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do some substances have on the melting point of a fatty suppository base like cocoa butter?

    <p>Reduce the melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oleaginous suppository bases, like cocoa butter, exhibit polymorphism, forming alpha crystals with low melting point and beta crystals with higher melting point.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wax may be added to the suppository base to reduce its melting point.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cocoa butter, a common suppository base, melts at a temperature range of 30-36 °C.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oleaginous bases such as theobroma oil shrink significantly on solidification

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Theobroma oil exists in only one polymorphic form with a single melting point

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Theobroma oil should be heated at temperatures below 36 ºC to minimize the formation of unstable low melting point forms

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The addition of surfactants to theobroma oil may affect the release of drugs from suppositories

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended temperature for heating theobroma oil to minimize the formation of unstable low melting point forms?

    <p>Below 36 ºC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be added to theobroma oil to raise its melting point back to the desired range?

    <p>Beeswax or spermaceti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the absorptive capacity for water of theobroma oil be increased?

    <p>By adding surfactants such as cholesterol, emulsifying wax, polysorbates, or wool fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the oxidation of theobroma oil be partly overcome?

    <p>By storage in a cool, dark place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using polyethylene glycols (PEGs) in suppositories?

    <p>To avoid melting at body temperature and leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of glycerinated gelatin bases used in suppositories?

    <p>They dissolve slowly, leading to slow drug release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of using water soluble / miscible bases in suppositories?

    <p>They may cause dehydration and irritation to rectal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water soluble / miscible bases dissolve quickly for rapid drug release

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycerinated gelatin bases are hygroscopic and may cause dehydration and irritation to rectal mucosa

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polyethylene glycols with varying molecular weights are usually prepared with low melting PEGs to avoid melting at body temperature and leakage

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppository bases containing synthetic triglycerides do not exhibit polymorphism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppository bases containing synthetic triglycerides mainly contain unsaturated acids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppository bases containing synthetic triglycerides have advantages over cocoa butter in terms of polymorphism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of synthetic triglycerides over cocoa butter in suppositories?

    <p>They do not exhibit polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the acids present in synthetic triglycerides used in suppositories?

    <p>They mainly contain saturated acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of synthetic triglycerides used in suppositories?

    <p>Esterified, hydrogenated or fractionated vegetable oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hand rolling or compression prepared using historic methods

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molding (fusion) method is the most frequently used method for preparing suppositories

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third step in the suppository molding process?

    <p>Pour the melt into molds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a base in suppositories?

    <p>To facilitate drug absorption and release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the process of molding suppositories?

    <p>Melt the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor alters the weight of suppositories prepared in the same mold with different bases?

    <p>The addition of medicinal agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the volume of material a suppository mold can hold in each opening?

    <p>The density of the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the use of different bases affect the weight of suppositories prepared in the same mold?

    <p>It results in different weights due to varying densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does physical analysis of suppositories include?

    <p>Visual examination, uniformity of weight, and melting range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is covered under chemical testing of suppositories?

    <p>Analysis of the content and dissolution testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the physical analysis of suppositories?

    <p>Uniformity of weight and visual examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the pharmacopeia quality control procedures for suppositories?

    <p>Identification, assay, dissolution, water content, content uniformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can compounded suppositories be checked for?

    <p>Calculations of theoretical and actual weight, weight variation, color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a part of the quality control procedures for suppositories?

    <p>Content uniformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage condition for cocoa butter suppositories?

    <p>Refrigerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high humidity affect water soluble suppositories?

    <p>Causes softening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are glycerinated gelatin suppositories packaged in tightly closed glass containers?

    <p>To prevent change in moisture content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do most suppository formulations not contain preservatives or antioxidants?

    <p>Water is usually excluded from the formulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When may an appropriate preservative be indicated in a suppository formulation?

    <p>If water is present or the formulation may support the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are most suppository formulations free from antioxidants?

    <p>Water is usually excluded from the formulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with suppositories stored in the refrigerator before insertion?

    <p>Warm to room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should bullet shaped suppositories be inserted?

    <p>Pointed end first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for cocoa butter suppositories before insertion?

    <p>Rub gently with fingers to melt the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

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