Questions and Answers
What is the trade name for cefadroxil?
What is the usual dose for cefadroxil?
1-2g/d orally in divided doses
Cefazolin is contraindicated in patients with severe kidney problems.
True
What are the adverse effects associated with cefadroxil?
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What should patients avoid when taking cefadroxil?
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What is the therapeutic blood serum level for cefazolin?
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Cephalexin can be used in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin group.
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Match the following drugs with their trade names:
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What should patients be advised to report while taking cephalexin?
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What is the usual dose for cefaclor?
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Cephradine has the same therapeutic use as cefadroxil.
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Study Notes
Cefadroxil (Duricef)
- Class: Cephalosporins
- Therapeutic use: Treats infections caused by susceptible microorganisms
- Contraindications: Allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics
- Therapeutic blood serum level: 0.8 µg/mL
- Adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypersensitivity, superinfection, nephrotoxicity, headache, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, pseudomembranous colitis
- Usual dose: 1-2g/day orally in divided doses
- Nursing implications: Use cautiously in renal disease, hepatic impairment, bleeding disorders, pregnancy, or known penicillin allergy
- Patient teaching: Avoid alcohol during and after treatment (3 days) to prevent severe reactions
Cefazolin Sodium (Ancef, Kefzol)
- Class: Cephalosporins
- Therapeutic use: Infections and perioperative prophylaxis
- Contraindications: Serious kidney problems, severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea, decreased prothrombin, blood clotting disorders
- Therapeutic blood serum level: 10-30 mcg/mL
- Adverse effects: Similar to cefadroxil
- Usual dose: 250 mg-1g IM/IV every 6-12 hours; perioperative: 0.5-1 g IM/IV
- Nursing implications: Adjust dosage in severe renal impairment; prolonged use may cause superinfection and antibiotic-associated colitis
- Patient teaching: Take medication at prescribed times; consider using with food or milk for better absorption
Cephalexin (Keflex, Biocef, Keftab)
- Class: Cephalosporins
- Therapeutic use: Similar to cefadroxil
- Contraindications: Allergy to cephalosporins
- Therapeutic blood serum level: 50-200 ng/mL
- Adverse effects: Similar to cefadroxil
- Usual dose: 1-4 g/day orally in divided doses
- Nursing implications: Use cautiously in hypersensitivity cases, pregnancy, lactation, and renal disease
- Patient teaching: Report symptoms of superinfection or allergy; notify healthcare professional of severe diarrhea, especially if bloody
Cephradine (Velosef)
- Class: Cephalosporins
- Therapeutic use: Similar to cefadroxil
- Contraindications: Serious kidney problems, severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea
- Therapeutic blood serum level: 8-42 mcg/mL
- Adverse effects: Similar to cefadroxil
- Usual dose: 250 mg-1g every 6-12 hours
- Nursing implications: Modify dosage in severe renal impairment; cautious use required in patients with penicillin allergy history
- Patient teaching: Advise on yogurt or buttermilk for diarrhea; report severe diarrhea, unusual symptoms, and consult on breastfeeding risks
Cefaclor (Ceclor)
- Class: Cephalosporins
- Therapeutic use: Treats infections caused by susceptible microorganisms
- Contraindications: Allergy to cephalosporins or hypersensitivity history
- Therapeutic blood serum level: 0.16 mcg/mL
- Adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity, headache, hematologic reactions
- Usual dose: 250 mg orally every 8 hours
- Nursing implications: Use cautiously with significantly impaired renal function; assess prior hypersensitivity history before prescribing
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Description
Explore the essential details of cephalosporins through interactive flashcards. Learn about generic and trade names, therapeutic uses, contraindications, and adverse effects for better understanding of this antibiotic class.
