Podcast
Questions and Answers
How can the presence of other substances in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) impact drug bioavailability?
How can the presence of other substances in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) impact drug bioavailability?
- Have no effect on drug bioavailability
- Decrease the amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation (correct)
- Enhance drug metabolism by the liver
- Increase the rate of drug absorption
Which factor is primarily responsible for the first-pass effect in drug metabolism?
Which factor is primarily responsible for the first-pass effect in drug metabolism?
- Delayed absorption in the GIT
- Extensive metabolism by the liver (correct)
- Rapid excretion of drugs
- High bioavailability of drugs
What is a possible consequence of low bioavailability of a drug?
What is a possible consequence of low bioavailability of a drug?
- Decreased drug potency (correct)
- Reduced side effects
- Enhanced distribution within tissues
- Increased therapeutic effect
Which route of drug administration is likely to pass the first-pass effect?
Which route of drug administration is likely to pass the first-pass effect?
How does drug metabolism affect the bioavailability of a medication?
How does drug metabolism affect the bioavailability of a medication?
Which factor can affect the bioavailability of a drug?
Which factor can affect the bioavailability of a drug?
What does pharmacokinetics study?
What does pharmacokinetics study?
What is the primary organ responsible for the first-pass effect?
What is the primary organ responsible for the first-pass effect?
Which factor does NOT directly impact the bioavailability of a drug?
Which factor does NOT directly impact the bioavailability of a drug?
Which route of drug administration is LEAST likely to be affected by the first-pass effect?
Which route of drug administration is LEAST likely to be affected by the first-pass effect?
What is the term used to describe the fraction of a drug that is not metabolized during its first pass through the liver?
What is the term used to describe the fraction of a drug that is not metabolized during its first pass through the liver?
Which of the following factors can INCREASE the bioavailability of a drug?
Which of the following factors can INCREASE the bioavailability of a drug?
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Study Notes
Factors Affecting Bioavailability
- Presence of other substances in the GIT (Gastrointestinal Tract) can alter drug bioavailability
Bioavailability of Various Drugs
- Aspirin: 0.5 (low bioavailability)
- Amoxicillin: 0.6 (moderate bioavailability)
- Diclofenac Sodium: 0.63 (moderate bioavailability)
- Ciprofloxacin: 0.7 (moderate bioavailability)
- Paracetamol: 0.79 (high bioavailability)
- Fluconazole: 0.9 (high bioavailability)
- Metronidazole: 0.99 (very high bioavailability)
- Phenytoin: 1 (complete bioavailability)
Pharmacokinetics
- Study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
- Bioavailable fraction is determined by:
- Fraction of drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
- Fraction of drug that escapes metabolism during its first pass through the liver
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