Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the MOST important reason to ensure the bottles containing drugs are tightly closed?
What is the MOST important reason to ensure the bottles containing drugs are tightly closed?
- To prevent the drugs from evaporating or becoming moist. (correct)
- To make the bottles easier to stack on shelves.
- To allow for better organization in the storage area.
- To ensure easy access during emergencies.
Which of the following BEST describes the primary goal of drug administration practices?
Which of the following BEST describes the primary goal of drug administration practices?
- To standardize medication appearance for easy identification.
- To minimize documentation and paperwork.
- To fulfill the necessary practices for effective drug administration. (correct)
- To ensure quick delivery of medication regardless of protocol.
Given a scenario where a patient is prescribed multiple eye drops, what is the rationale behind waiting at least five minutes before administering the next drop?
Given a scenario where a patient is prescribed multiple eye drops, what is the rationale behind waiting at least five minutes before administering the next drop?
- To allow each medication to be fully absorbed and prevent dilution or overflow. (correct)
- To ensure better absorption of each medication.
- To reduce potential eye irritation.
- To prevent the medications from interacting with each other.
A patient has prescriptions for both an oily medicine and a vaccine. Considering the guidelines for drug storage, where should these medications be stored?
A patient has prescriptions for both an oily medicine and a vaccine. Considering the guidelines for drug storage, where should these medications be stored?
In the context of drug interactions, what occurs when the effect of one drug is reduced by another drug?
In the context of drug interactions, what occurs when the effect of one drug is reduced by another drug?
Why is it essential to have artificial lighting in the medicine cabinet area?
Why is it essential to have artificial lighting in the medicine cabinet area?
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action if a medication's label is dirty or unreadable?
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action if a medication's label is dirty or unreadable?
In a healthcare setting, how should medications with similar effects be stored in relation to medications with different effects?
In a healthcare setting, how should medications with similar effects be stored in relation to medications with different effects?
What is the primary reason that addictive drugs (narcotics) require storage in a double-locked cabinet?
What is the primary reason that addictive drugs (narcotics) require storage in a double-locked cabinet?
Why is it essential to place a red label on poisonous drugs?
Why is it essential to place a red label on poisonous drugs?
According to the guidelines for physician medication orders, in what format should these orders be documented to ensure patient safety?
According to the guidelines for physician medication orders, in what format should these orders be documented to ensure patient safety?
In which situation might a physician's medication order be permissibly administered without a written order?
In which situation might a physician's medication order be permissibly administered without a written order?
What does 'QID' typically signify in a physician's medication order?
What does 'QID' typically signify in a physician's medication order?
Which action is MOST appropriate if a healthcare provider has doubts or cannot understand a medication request?
Which action is MOST appropriate if a healthcare provider has doubts or cannot understand a medication request?
What crucial step should a healthcare provider take after checking a doctor's order and before administering medication?
What crucial step should a healthcare provider take after checking a doctor's order and before administering medication?
Which of the following actions is MOST closely associated with verifying the 'Right Patient' in medication administration?
Which of the following actions is MOST closely associated with verifying the 'Right Patient' in medication administration?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', how many times should you perform a check of the medication label?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', how many times should you perform a check of the medication label?
A nurse is preparing a medication and realizes they made an error in the dosage calculation. What should they do?
A nurse is preparing a medication and realizes they made an error in the dosage calculation. What should they do?
What time-related aspect is vital to confirm when verifying the 'Right Time' for medication administration?
What time-related aspect is vital to confirm when verifying the 'Right Time' for medication administration?
What implication does administering Medication via the 'Right Route' specified in the medication order have for patient safety?
What implication does administering Medication via the 'Right Route' specified in the medication order have for patient safety?
In the context of medication administration, what does 'Right Documentation' primarily involve?
In the context of medication administration, what does 'Right Documentation' primarily involve?
What essential information should a healthcare provider communicate to a patient about a newly prescribed medication?
What essential information should a healthcare provider communicate to a patient about a newly prescribed medication?
If a patient refuses to take a medication, what is the appropriate first step for the healthcare provider?
If a patient refuses to take a medication, what is the appropriate first step for the healthcare provider?
Which activity is MOST likely associated with 'Right Evaluation' in medication administration?
Which activity is MOST likely associated with 'Right Evaluation' in medication administration?
Before administering any medication, what safety consideration should healthcare workers keep in mind?
Before administering any medication, what safety consideration should healthcare workers keep in mind?
Prior to drug administration, basic principles in drug applications should be followed. Which of them are related to hygiene?
Prior to drug administration, basic principles in drug applications should be followed. Which of them are related to hygiene?
To ensure accuracy during drug administration, there is something to consider. What should those actions include?
To ensure accuracy during drug administration, there is something to consider. What should those actions include?
A patient is prescribed an oral medication but is currently unable to swallow due to a medical condition. Which action is MOST appropriate?
A patient is prescribed an oral medication but is currently unable to swallow due to a medical condition. Which action is MOST appropriate?
Needs to stay under the tongue don't swallow. Which technique is referred in that sentence?
Needs to stay under the tongue don't swallow. Which technique is referred in that sentence?
In which position should the drug be administered to the patient for Intravaginal Application?
In which position should the drug be administered to the patient for Intravaginal Application?
Before inserting the tip of the drug into the rectum, it should be?
Before inserting the tip of the drug into the rectum, it should be?
A patient will use a Transdermal Patch (TTS). What is the healthcare provider's duty?
A patient will use a Transdermal Patch (TTS). What is the healthcare provider's duty?
A patient is experiencing breathlessness; which of the following systemic administration site will act faster?
A patient is experiencing breathlessness; which of the following systemic administration site will act faster?
Which of the following is the advantage of Inhalation way?
Which of the following is the advantage of Inhalation way?
Which of the following is not an indication of Intravenous (IV) fluid treatment?
Which of the following is not an indication of Intravenous (IV) fluid treatment?
For blood analysis, blood is taken from?
For blood analysis, blood is taken from?
Blood product should not be mixed with any solution other than 0.9% NaCl and what?
Blood product should not be mixed with any solution other than 0.9% NaCl and what?
Which of the followings is a reason for Hemolytic Reaction?
Which of the followings is a reason for Hemolytic Reaction?
It develops as soon as transfusion begins or within the first hour; urticaria, redness, itching, nausea, and vomiting. Which situation is expressed above?
It develops as soon as transfusion begins or within the first hour; urticaria, redness, itching, nausea, and vomiting. Which situation is expressed above?
A drug is defined as a substance that causes what kind of changes when introduced into a living organism?
A drug is defined as a substance that causes what kind of changes when introduced into a living organism?
A medicine is available in different forms, these forms are determined by their what?
A medicine is available in different forms, these forms are determined by their what?
Which aspect of drug administration highlights the necessity for healthcare professionals to possess proficiency?
Which aspect of drug administration highlights the necessity for healthcare professionals to possess proficiency?
When solid drugs are classified based on dosage, which of the following refers to tablets and capsules?
When solid drugs are classified based on dosage, which of the following refers to tablets and capsules?
In the context of factors affecting drug activity, how do genetic and cultural factors primarily influence the effect of the drug?
In the context of factors affecting drug activity, how do genetic and cultural factors primarily influence the effect of the drug?
In pharmacology, what is the term used to describe a situation where the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects?
In pharmacology, what is the term used to describe a situation where the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects?
During drug metabolism in the human body, after a drug is absorbed and transported, what is the next basic stage?
During drug metabolism in the human body, after a drug is absorbed and transported, what is the next basic stage?
To maintain the integrity of a drug, where should it be stored?
To maintain the integrity of a drug, where should it be stored?
What is the primary rationale for storing vaccines and serums in the refrigerator?
What is the primary rationale for storing vaccines and serums in the refrigerator?
For safety and regulatory compliance, what is required in addition to the physical double-locked cabinet when storing addictive drugs (narcotics)?
For safety and regulatory compliance, what is required in addition to the physical double-locked cabinet when storing addictive drugs (narcotics)?
When should regularly requested physician medication orders be supplied?
When should regularly requested physician medication orders be supplied?
After comparing and confirming a doctor's medication order, what additional step should a healthcare provider take?
After comparing and confirming a doctor's medication order, what additional step should a healthcare provider take?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', what patient information should you verify with the patient and their chart?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', what patient information should you verify with the patient and their chart?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', how many times should the dosage calculations be checked to the patient before applying?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', how many times should the dosage calculations be checked to the patient before applying?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', which of the following must be verified with the medication order schedule?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', which of the following must be verified with the medication order schedule?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', when should the signature of checking nurse be documented?
According to the 'Rights of Medication Administration', when should the signature of checking nurse be documented?
If a patient asks for details of side effects about a medication to be administered, what is the correct action?
If a patient asks for details of side effects about a medication to be administered, what is the correct action?
When documenting the refusal of medication, who's consequences for refusing the medication must also be understood?
When documenting the refusal of medication, who's consequences for refusing the medication must also be understood?
Determine is medication is safe and appropiate would be?
Determine is medication is safe and appropiate would be?
In basic principles of drug applications, it's important to question about?
In basic principles of drug applications, it's important to question about?
When is it needed to do a triple check to ensure accuracy while giving?
When is it needed to do a triple check to ensure accuracy while giving?
In ensuring basic principles related to the patient during drug applications, it's vital.
In ensuring basic principles related to the patient during drug applications, it's vital.
What is an essential measure regarding controlled drugs that must be done at each work shift to maintain accountability?
What is an essential measure regarding controlled drugs that must be done at each work shift to maintain accountability?
Which of the following administration routes leads to the fastest drug absorption?
Which of the following administration routes leads to the fastest drug absorption?
Which measurement is equivalent to 15 ml in drug applications?
Which measurement is equivalent to 15 ml in drug applications?
A drug that produces systematic effects and is to be applied on the skin would be applied:
A drug that produces systematic effects and is to be applied on the skin would be applied:
Why shoud side the medicine for both eyes to be applied on the healthy eye first and then to the sick eye?
Why shoud side the medicine for both eyes to be applied on the healthy eye first and then to the sick eye?
After applying intranasal drops into the nose, in what position should the patient set their head for few minutes?
After applying intranasal drops into the nose, in what position should the patient set their head for few minutes?
What is a key consideration for intravaginal drug applications to respect the patient?
What is a key consideration for intravaginal drug applications to respect the patient?
What kind of drugs are transermal patches?
What kind of drugs are transermal patches?
The fact that the alveoli are highly absorptive aids drugs?
The fact that the alveoli are highly absorptive aids drugs?
When giving medications through an Enteral systemic application, is it important?
When giving medications through an Enteral systemic application, is it important?
From bed to bed, tablet usage must be done?
From bed to bed, tablet usage must be done?
When the sublingual route is choosen it important to indicate?
When the sublingual route is choosen it important to indicate?
In rectal applications to babies it's prefered to?
In rectal applications to babies it's prefered to?
When you start IV administration, to insert the medicine?
When you start IV administration, to insert the medicine?
What does 'IV Catheter' ensure in adult patients to prevent some complications?
What does 'IV Catheter' ensure in adult patients to prevent some complications?
When blood will be taken from patients, what to be ask about them before?
When blood will be taken from patients, what to be ask about them before?
What we should be know about after the blood will be taken from patients?
What we should be know about after the blood will be taken from patients?
According to The blood or its elements Transfusion process?
According to The blood or its elements Transfusion process?
In The blood or its elements Transfusion follow up process? .
In The blood or its elements Transfusion follow up process? .
0.5 gr expresses how many mg?
0.5 gr expresses how many mg?
A medication order specifies both 'tablet' and 'capsule' as possible forms. What is the significance of offering flexibility in dosage forms?
A medication order specifies both 'tablet' and 'capsule' as possible forms. What is the significance of offering flexibility in dosage forms?
Considering the stages of drug metabolism in the human body, what is the MOST critical aspect of the 'transport (distribution)' stage?
Considering the stages of drug metabolism in the human body, what is the MOST critical aspect of the 'transport (distribution)' stage?
Which factor is MOST important to consider when determining the appropriate size of syringe and needle for parenteral administration?
Which factor is MOST important to consider when determining the appropriate size of syringe and needle for parenteral administration?
In the context of the 'Rights of Medication Administration,' what distinguishes 'Right Route' from other rights, such as 'Right Time' or 'Right Dose'?
In the context of the 'Rights of Medication Administration,' what distinguishes 'Right Route' from other rights, such as 'Right Time' or 'Right Dose'?
When preparing a medication for subcutaneous injection, why is it important to avoid performing aspiration in certain instances?
When preparing a medication for subcutaneous injection, why is it important to avoid performing aspiration in certain instances?
Why are separate rooms recommended for keeping the Supply and Storage of Drugs?
Why are separate rooms recommended for keeping the Supply and Storage of Drugs?
When receiving new physician medication orders, what action ensures patient safety?
When receiving new physician medication orders, what action ensures patient safety?
In the context of 'Right Client Education', why is it essential to ask the patient, if they have any known allergies to medication?
In the context of 'Right Client Education', why is it essential to ask the patient, if they have any known allergies to medication?
A patient is prescribed a new medication via a transdermal patch. What would be the MOST important instruction to provide?
A patient is prescribed a new medication via a transdermal patch. What would be the MOST important instruction to provide?
When administering ophthalmic medications, what strategy minimizes the risk of cross-contamination between eyes?
When administering ophthalmic medications, what strategy minimizes the risk of cross-contamination between eyes?
For an intramuscular injection, what is the rationale behind using the Z-track method?
For an intramuscular injection, what is the rationale behind using the Z-track method?
Why is a blood transfusion administered?
Why is a blood transfusion administered?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of using a transparent dressing over an IV catheter insertion site?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of using a transparent dressing over an IV catheter insertion site?
A patient receiving IV fluids suddenly develops dyspnea (shortness of breath) and cyanosis (blueish skin). What immediate action is MOST appropriate?
A patient receiving IV fluids suddenly develops dyspnea (shortness of breath) and cyanosis (blueish skin). What immediate action is MOST appropriate?
Why should a tourniquet NOT be left on a patient's arm for an extended period during venipuncture (taking venous blood)?
Why should a tourniquet NOT be left on a patient's arm for an extended period during venipuncture (taking venous blood)?
When administering a drug via the sublingual route, what is its distinct advantage?
When administering a drug via the sublingual route, what is its distinct advantage?
What is the primary reason for selecting the ventrogluteal site for an intramuscular injection?
What is the primary reason for selecting the ventrogluteal site for an intramuscular injection?
What is the primary safety concern with a rapid infusion of a large volume of blood?
What is the primary safety concern with a rapid infusion of a large volume of blood?
In which situation is parenteral administration of drugs typically preferred over enteral routes?
In which situation is parenteral administration of drugs typically preferred over enteral routes?
After performing venipuncture for blood sampling, what step is essential to ensuring patient safety?
After performing venipuncture for blood sampling, what step is essential to ensuring patient safety?
Flashcards
What are drugs?
What are drugs?
Drugs are substances that change body functions when taken into a living organism. They come from animal, vegetable, mineral, or synthetic sources.
Drug administration
Drug administration
Drug administration is a key task that requires technical skills and a strong understanding of medications
Synergism (drugs)
Synergism (drugs)
Shows greater effectiveness when two or more drugs are used together.
Additive drug effect
Additive drug effect
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Potentialization (drugs)
Potentialization (drugs)
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Antagonism (drugs)
Antagonism (drugs)
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Stages of Drug Metabolism
Stages of Drug Metabolism
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Factors Affecting Drug Activity
Factors Affecting Drug Activity
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Drug supply and storage
Drug supply and storage
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Medicine Cabinet Requirements
Medicine Cabinet Requirements
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Parts of Physician Medication Order
Parts of Physician Medication Order
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Physician Medication order
Physician Medication order
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Types of Medication order Requests
Types of Medication order Requests
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Doctor order checks
Doctor order checks
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Rights of medication administration
Rights of medication administration
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Right patient
Right patient
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Right medication
Right medication
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Right Dosage:
Right Dosage:
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Right time
Right time
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Right routes
Right routes
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Right Documentation:
Right Documentation:
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Right Client Education
Right Client Education
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Right to Refuse
Right to Refuse
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Right Assessment:
Right Assessment:
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Right Evaluation
Right Evaluation
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Basic principles of drug application
Basic principles of drug application
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Things to consider drug application
Things to consider drug application
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Classifications of Drug Routes
Classifications of Drug Routes
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Local or systemic effects
Local or systemic effects
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Local Administration sites
Local Administration sites
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System Administration site
System Administration site
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Epidermal
Epidermal
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Ophthalmic eye:
Ophthalmic eye:
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Intranasal Nose:
Intranasal Nose:
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Intravaginal
Intravaginal
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Ear administration
Ear administration
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Enteral Application:
Enteral Application:
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Preparation and Administration of Oral Drugs.
Preparation and Administration of Oral Drugs.
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Sublingual Administration:
Sublingual Administration:
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Buccal Drug Application
Buccal Drug Application
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Rectal Application
Rectal Application
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Transdermal Patch
Transdermal Patch
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Inhalation application
Inhalation application
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Parenteral drug application:
Parenteral drug application:
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Subcutan SC injection::
Subcutan SC injection::
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SC injection sites:
SC injection sites:
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SC injection applications
SC injection applications
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Intradermal (ID) injection
Intradermal (ID) injection
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Intramuscular injection:
Intramuscular injection:
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Dorsogluteal muscles
Dorsogluteal muscles
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Ventrogluteal muscles of the hip::
Ventrogluteal muscles of the hip::
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Intravenous (IV) injection.
Intravenous (IV) injection.
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IV materials.
IV materials.
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Tourniquets:
Tourniquets:
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Sterile patches and heparin cap::
Sterile patches and heparin cap::
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Study Notes
- Drug application includes fulfilling necessary practices for drug administration.
Objectives
- Understanding the definition of drugs
- Classifying the drugs and their effects on the body
- Explaining how to request, supply, and store drugs
- Knowing the ways of administering drugs
- Knowledge of drug practices
Contents
- Focus is on drug description, classification, and modes of action
- Key factors affecting the patient, supply/storage, medication orders, and administration ways
- Exploration of enteral and parenteral drug applications
What are Drugs?
- There are four main sources: animal, vegetable, mineral, synthetic
- Chemical changes are invoked by drugs to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease
- Drugs are substances that change the body’s functions
- Medicines come in different forms tailored with unique content
Core Functions of Drugs
- Administration is a core function with technical skills based on medicine knowledge
Classification
- Classification is via dosage form: solid, liquid, semi-solid, or gaseous
Factors affecting drug activity
- Growth period is a factor
- Weight and gender
- Genetic and cultural considerations affect drug activity
- Psychological factors are also a factor
- Illness itself influences drug activity
- A patient's environment is a factor
- Treatment time
- Adverse effects
- Individual differences
Interaction of drugs
- Synergism: Drugs show more efficacy when two or more are used together
- Additional effect: The effect of the drug increases when combined
- Potentialization: Two drugs together have more effect
- Antagonism: One drugs effect is reduced by another
The 4 stages of drug metabolism
- Absorption
- Transport (distribution)
- Change (disintegration)
- Excretion (elimination)
Keys to supplying and storing drugs
- Drugs should be stored locked
- Maintain a clean, closed, dry, and cool place
- Bottles tightly closed
- Oily or diluted medicines stored in the refrigerator before expiration date
- Keep vaccines and serums in the refrigerator
- Expired medicines should not be used
- Artificial lighting inside the medicine cabinet
- Emergency medicine should be stored in a separate compartment
- Medicines that have the same effect should be kept together
- The cabinet should be large enough to hold everything
- Addictive drugs should be kept double-locked and tracked with a signature
- Poisonous drugs need a red label
Medication Orders
- Safe administration requires a Physician Medication Order
- All orders must be in writing, except in emergencies
- Regular and urgent single dose requests are part of an order
Key Elements of Physician's Orders
- The patient's name and the date/time of the order
- Name and dose of the administered drug
- Administration routes and application frequency
- Signature of the prescribing doctor
Steps after Doctor's Orders
- A doctor checks on and approves the prescription
- Adjusted and transferred on a recording system by health professionals
- If any inconsistencies show, consult a physician
After approval of the order
- Record the date and time, then sign the doctor's order
10 Rights of Medication Administration
- Right patient needs a name check
- Right medication needs the label
- Right dosage
- Right route
- Right time
- Right documentation
- Right client education
- Right to refuse
- Right assessment
- Right evaluation
Patient Right
- Verify their ID bracelet
- Ask their name and date of birth
- Compare medication order
- Verify patient's allergies
Medication Right
- Triple check the medication's label at retrieval, preparation, and administration
- Compare the medication label to doctor's orders
- Never administer a medication that someone else prepared
- Never administer unlabeled medication
Dosage Right
- Check label concentration
- Compare prepared dose to the order
- Triple check its calculation
- Ensure dose is within range
Timing is everything Right
- Verify the schedule with the order
- Check the date and time
- Administer within 30 minutes
Route Right
- Verify with the medication order
- Only administer via a specified route
Documentation Right
- Don't document before administration
- Cover medication, dosage, route, and time
- Cover signature with credentials
- Cover signature of nurse checking medication
Client Education: Right
- Outline administration
- Outline side effects
- Outline patient allergies
Refusal Right
- Patients may refuse medication
- The responsible party understands consequences
- All refusals should be recorded and physician should be notified
Assessment Right
- Assess safety
- If inappropriate, notify the physician
- Notification and records should be noted
Right Evaluation
- Record side effects or lack of
- Compare prior state
- Record the patients response
Basic Principles of Drug Applications
- Apply safe and clean practices
How to apply
- Rights of administration should be known
- Hands should be gloved and washed
- The patient must be aware of his procedure and sign the verbal informed consent
- Patients confidentiality should be kept
- Tray materials should be prepared
- The patients medications should be verified
- If the medication is incorrect, illegible or doctor must be contacted
- Patient drug allergy should be questioned
Accuracy Ensured
- Drug preparation environment should be well lit
- Safe place to keep medication that is prepared
- Medicine tray should be tidy/clean
Triple Check
- Triple check: When taking the bottle from its place, while pouring the medicine into the glass, when replacing the medicine bottle
Further tips
- Check the patients ID during administration
- Wait until the patient swallows
- All patients should be informed of the medicine
Storing narcotics
- Must be kept locked
- Counted at the end of each shift
- Usage must be signed off by two nurses
- If ampoule is not entirely consumed, it should be discarded
Absorption Rates
- Intracardiac 15 seconds
- Intravenous 30-60 seconds
- Sublingual 3-5 minutes
- Inhalation 3 minutes
- Endotracheal 3 minutes
- Intramuscular 10-20 minutes
- Subcutan 15-30 mins
- Intradermal 15-30 mins
- Rectal 5-30 minutes
- Oral 30-90 minutes
- Dermal changes
Measurements
- 1cc = 1ml = 10 dizy = 100 unit = 20 drops
- 4-5 ml = 1 dessert spoon
- 15 ml = 1 tablespoon
- 250 ml = 1 glass of water
- 100ml = 1 tea glass
Drug effects
- Have local or Systemic effects Related to way administered
Delivery Forms affect on drug
- Any given drug depend on the patient, the dose, the route by which the drug is administered, and the metabolism of the drug.
Areas of Local Administration
- Pharmaceutical shapes vary
- The epidermis often utilizes ointments
- Conjunctival sac uses eye drops
- Nose uses spray
- Internal regions like vagina uses suppositories
- Ears use drops of solutions and suspensions
Enteral (Digestive System)
- Tablet
- Capsule
- Syrup
- Enema
Parenteral (injection)
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular
- Intradermal
- Intravenous
Inhalation (respiratory System)
- Gas
- Vapor
- Inhaler
- Nebulizer
Transdermal (skin)
- Patch
Absorption Varies:
- Epidermal: Absorption depends on application location and thickness
Eye Care
- Apply eye care before any application from inner to outer canthus
- Use suspension drops and shake before use
- Dropper should not come in contact with they eye ball
- Do not use drug in other eye or on other patient
- The healthy eye should be first, before the sick one, if doing both
- Wait five minutes before the next drop
Nose and Intranasal Application
- Give patient a supine / semi-fowler position, and put the head in hyperextension
- The drug cannot contact the nasal mucosa
Vaginal areas
- Patient Privacy is required
- Patient privacy is very important. Tablet, gel and creams are all valid
- Suppositories are stored in the fridge
- Heat pills with hand for application
Eardrops
- For children, pull the ear down and back
- For adults, pull the ear up and back
- Heat drops always before use
Enteral applications explained
- Delivering the drug to the digestive tract for later absorption
- Tablets or capsules most commonly in adults
- Liquid suspension for children
How to check and administer
- Do not directly touch tablets with hands
- Confirm with 10 rights
- Confirm three checks per pill
- Check the order
- Check the name
- Check the expiration
- Check the color of the pills
- The patience identity is checked
- Wait for patient to consumer
Be alert: DO NOT apply meds
- Unconscious Patients
- Difficulty swallowing
- No swallowing reflex
- Severely vomiting
- Active condition of convulsion
Sublingual
- For emergency situations
- Absorption is quick
- Don’t chew, only dissolve
Buccal
- The gums and cheek area are used
- Systemic effect after dissolved
- Don’t chew, only dissolve
Rectal
- The sim’s position is to be expected
- Prior to administering a rectal drug, patient privacy is the only thing
Intramuscular
- Given with high amounts of care. Side effects: Patient privacy
Transermal Application (skin), like patches
- Adhered to skin for hormone therapy and analgesics
- Note each application date from the medicine
Inhalation (respiratory system),
- For the lungs this is critical
- It has a higher rate of absorption
- High surface area
The two benefits of inhalation
• Delivering the drug directly to the target • Low doses side
Delivery devices for inhalation
• Aerosol • Inhaler • Nebulizer
- Nebulizers need to be sanitary
Application should work well
- Put fluids on properly
- Air cannot be injected with fluid.
Parenteral administration
- Administer medications through injection
- Route will always avoid the digestive system
- Subcutaneouse
- Intradermal
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous
Injection
- Subcutaneous (SC) <1ml
- Intradermal (ID)
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Intravenous (IV)
How To Decide Size Of Syringe For Injection
- Route
- Density
- Medicine Volume
- Body size
- Type
Drawing medicine from vial and ampoules
- Clean tops fast
- Add 1mml of air
- Draw medication carefully
Steps
- Clean wipe
- Snap the end to side far from the drawer
- Grab amp quickly to top that is off
Inject Subcutaneously (SC)
- under the skin
- Small volumes can be administered
- Insulin, heparin, vaccines, hormones commonly administered this
Locations of SC administration
- Upper arm
- Upper leg
- Belly
- Scapula
- Back
When injecting watch
- If too frequent then rotate the site of administrations
- Don’t cause an insulin block
Important aspects of SC
- Hands should be washed
- Follow the 10 steps to a tea
- Remove draw
- Inject 0.1-.02 mm amount.
- Remove syringe slowly
- Apply preassure
IM and V
- Be sure to check for bubble
- Make sure top dose is withdrawn before beginning
- 20 or 30 ml is for V
- 1mm is for M
Technique
- Wipe skin with circle motion
- Apply to dry skin
- Always use two hands for process.
ID injection delivery
- Delivers medication in dermis located by epidermis Involves:
- Alleries
- TB and BCG
Common Sites
- In the forehead area
- Must be clear before injecting
INTRADERMAL (ID) INJECTION
- Is appropriate,clean and skin should be cleaned first
- Is a degree method for each
- Given slowly
- Remove cotton and trash away
- Dont remove area
INTRADERMAL IMJECTION
- Injected with muscle in the upper arm. Butts and legs
IM Injection
- Site location
- Hold Syringe like a pen
- Vaccinations should be offered with this
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
- This can be deadly so do not use.
ventROGLUTEAL
- Best to inject for safe and little pain
VASTUS
- This one and others are bad
- Injections should not be done here at all
DELTOID Muscle and Sites
- The best side
- Small
IV DRUG
- Quick for patient
- Products are added
- This has to be done right . Fast in the bloodstream
The two steps of drug
- Sterilize. Keep a septic for practice
- Don't let any vein go to waste
• STERILE IV FLUID
- The administration route has a role for everything. Should be noted well
Transfusion
- What to give and do
IV MEDICATION
- Infraction flows are to be recorded
- Don’t effect a situation that has come
IV
- Blood
- Swelling
- Can be affected with
Symptoms such as cough
Things that can affect
- rapid heart
- blood air
- patient has reactions
The symptoms
- It starts with being allergic to the medicine
Conclusion for it all
- Don’t leave the patient with bad reactions
What to do
- Never inject before
- Wash hands after
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