PH 3 Principles of Pharmacology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following terms refers to drugs that work by activating or unlocking cell receptors causing the same actions as the body's own chemicals?

  • Adverse reaction
  • Agonist (correct)
  • Absorption
  • Allergy

    • Which term refers to the severe symptoms or problems that can cause great harm?

  • Additive effect
  • Antagonist
  • Anaphylactic reaction (correct)
  • Bioequivalent

    • What term describes drug products that are chemically the same or identical?

  • Brand name
  • Generic name
  • Bioequivalent (correct)
  • Biotransformation

    • What term refers to the transformation or altering of a drug into either active or inactive chemicals after it has been absorbed?

    <p>Biotransformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic process involved in drug utilization in the body?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of absorption?

    <p>Dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>Intravenous route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration has the slowest onset of drug absorption?

    <p>Oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the movement of a drug in the body to reach its site of action by way of the blood and lymph system?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when one drug changes the action of another drug?

    <p>Drug interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for adverse drug effects that can result in liver damage?

    <p>Hepatotoxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time it takes the body to remove 50% of the drug from the body?

    <p>Half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the generic name for Valium?

    <p>Diazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization assigns generic names to drugs?

    <p>US Adopted Names Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug name is often descriptive, easy to spell, and used in advertisements?

    <p>Trade name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical name for meperidine (Demerol)?

    <p>Ethyl 1-methyl-4phenylisonipecotate hydrochloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is mainly responsible for the biotransformation of drugs in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can affect the distribution of a drug in the body?

    <p>Body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to inactive chemicals, by-products, and waste in the body?

    <p>They are metabolized and excreted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cytochrome P-450 system in the liver?

    <p>To break down drugs into usable parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is important to understand in order to identify when patients may have toxic or ill effects of drugs on the body?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of a drug?

    <p>The time it takes for the drug to be completely removed from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor patients closely after they take a drug?

    <p>To identify any side effects or adverse reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are side effects of a drug?

    <p>Mild but annoying responses to the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe strange, unique, or unpredicted responses to drugs?

    <p>Idiosyncratic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of idiosyncratic response where the patient's reaction is the opposite of what would be expected?

    <p>Paradoxical response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ(s) are mentioned as being at risk of damage from certain drugs?

    <p>Both kidney and liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for severe adverse effects that may require the drug to be stopped?

    <p>Adverse reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antihistamine is mentioned as having sedative effects but may cause a paradoxical response in some individuals?

    <p>Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a drug reaction that is a surprise?

    <p>Unexpected response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct expression for the given equation?

    <p>$3^{-2} + 2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a process involved in drug utilization in the body?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an antagonist?

    <p>Narcan (naloxone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of absorption involves the diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to drugs that attach at a drug receptor site but do not activate or unlock the receptor?

    <p>Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the transformation or altering of a drug into either active or inactive chemicals after it has been absorbed?

    <p>Biotransformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to drug products that are chemically the same or identical?

    <p>Bioequivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to severe symptoms or problems that can cause great harm?

    <p>Adverse reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the name given to a drug before there is any specific trade name or when the drug has been available for many years and more than one company makes the drug?

    <p>Generic name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for drugs that attach to the receptor site but produce only a partial effect?

    <p>Partial agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization assigns generic names to drugs?

    <p>The US Adopted Names Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for drugs that attach at a drug receptor site but do not activate or unlock it, blocking the action of agonists?

    <p>Receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for the biotransformation of drugs in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the distribution of drugs in the body?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to inactive chemicals, by-products, and waste in the body?

    <p>They are passed through the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process of transforming a prodrug into an active form of the drug?

    <p>Biotransformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is important to understand in order to identify when patients may have toxic or ill effects of drugs on the body?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time it takes the body to remove 50% of a drug from the body?

    <p>Half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of drugs that work by activating or unlocking cell receptors causing the same actions as the body's own chemicals?

    <p>Sleepiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor patients closely after they take a drug?

    <p>To watch for unexpected chemical reactions and side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the unexpected, unique, or unpredictable responses to drugs that may be caused by genetic or hormonal variations in an individual?

    <p>Idiosyncratic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for adverse drug effects that can cause damage to the liver?

    <p>Hepatotoxic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is at risk of damage from certain drugs, such as nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic drugs?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug reaction is characterized by the patient's reaction being the opposite of what would be expected?

    <p>Paradoxical response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the severe adverse effects of a drug that may require the drug to be stopped?

    <p>Discontinuation effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of a drug in the body to reach its site of action through the blood and lymph system?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to drugs that work by activating or unlocking cell receptors causing the same actions as the body's own chemicals?

    <p>Agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to drug products that are chemically the same or identical?

    <p>Bioequivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the transformation or altering of a drug into either active or inactive chemicals after it has been absorbed?

    <p>Biotransformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to severe symptoms or problems that can cause great harm?

    <p>Adverse reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of drug name mentioned in the text?

    <p>Brand name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for drugs that activate or unlock cell receptors causing the same actions as the body's own chemicals?

    <p>Agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a partial agonist?

    <p>Buspirone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a drug that attaches at a drug receptor site but does not activate or unlock it?

    <p>Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms is involved in drug absorption through diffusion?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of administration has the fastest onset of drug absorption?

    <p>Intravenous (IV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to drugs that attach at a drug receptor site but do not activate or unlock the receptor?

    <p>Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is involved in drug utilization in the body?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the process of transforming a prodrug into an active form of the drug?

    <p>Biotransformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for severe adverse effects that may require the drug to be stopped?

    <p>Adverse reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of idiosyncratic response where the patient's reaction is the opposite of what would be expected?

    <p>Paradoxical response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for drugs that attach to the receptor site but produce only a partial effect?

    <p>Partial agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can lead to uneven distribution of a drug in the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does biotransformation of drugs mainly occur in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for the excretion of drugs from the body?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the buildup of a drug in fat tissue, leading to a prolonged effect?

    <p>Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the strange, unique, peculiar, or unpredicted responses to drugs that may be the result of missing or defective metabolic enzymes caused by a genetic or hormonal variation of an individual?

    <p>Idiosyncratic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a type of idiosyncratic response where the patient's reaction may be just the opposite of what would be expected?

    <p>Paradoxical responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antihistamine is mentioned as having sedative (sleep-inducing) effects but may cause a paradoxical response in some individuals?

    <p>Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the severe adverse effects of a drug that may require the drug to be stopped?

    <p>Adverse reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is NOT a potential organ affected by severe adverse effects of drugs?

    <p>Lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of a drug in the body to reach its site of action by way of the blood and lymph system?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the equation of a line in slope-intercept form?

    <p>$y = mx + b$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the formula for the area of a circle?

    <p>$A = \pi r^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the quadratic formula?

    <p>$x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism?

    <p>$V = lwh$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the Pythagorean theorem?

    <p>$c^2 = a^2 + b^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is involved in drug utilization in the body?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms is involved in drug absorption?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>Intravenous route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes involves the movement of a drug in the body to reach its site of action?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to drugs that work by activating or unlocking cell receptors causing the same actions as the body's own chemicals?

    <p>Agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the severe symptoms or problems that can cause great harm?

    <p>Adverse reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the transformation or altering of a drug into either active or inactive chemicals after it has been absorbed?

    <p>Biotransformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for drugs that attach at a drug receptor site but do not activate or unlock the receptor, blocking the action of agonists?

    <p>Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is primarily responsible for transforming drugs into active or inactive chemicals in the body?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of drugs from the stomach or small intestines to the liver, where a lot of the drug is inactivated before it can be distributed to other parts of the body?

    <p>First pass effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ plays a major role in the biotransformation of drugs in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a route of drug excretion from the body?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is important to understand in order to identify when patients may have toxic or ill effects of drugs on the body?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time it takes for the body to remove 50% of a drug from the body?

    <p>Half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the expected, usually mild but annoying, responses to a drug called?

    <p>Side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a severe symptom or problem that can develop because of a drug?

    <p>Steven-Johnsons syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the name given to a drug before there is any specific trade name or when the drug has been available for many years and more than one company makes the drug?

    <p>Generic name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations assigns generic names to drugs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the drug name used in advertisements and is often descriptive, easy to spell, or catchy sounding so that prescribers will remember it easily and be more likely to use it?

    <p>Trade name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to drugs that attach at a drug receptor site but do not activate or unlock the receptor, blocking the action of agonists?

    <p>Antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the equation for a straight line?

    <p>$y = 3x - 2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of a rectangle with length 6 cm and width 4 cm?

    <p>24 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simplify the expression $3(2x - 5) + 4(3x + 1)$

    <p>$18x - 7$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of $x$ in the equation $2x + 5 = 15$?

    <p>$x = 10$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the formula for the area of a circle?

    <p>$A = \pi r^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the strange, unique, or unpredicted responses to drugs that may be the result of missing or defective metabolic enzymes caused by a genetic or hormonal variation of an individual?

    <p>Idiosyncratic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is at risk of damage from certain drugs, such as nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic drugs?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of idiosyncratic response is characterized by the patient's reaction being just the opposite of what would be expected?

    <p>Paradoxical response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antihistamine is mentioned as having sedative (sleep-inducing) effects but may cause a paradoxical response in some individuals?

    <p>Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the severe adverse effects of a drug that may require the drug to be stopped?

    <p>Adverse reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to drugs that attach at a drug receptor site but do not activate or unlock the receptor?

    <p>Antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

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