Drug Administration Routes Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of intravenous or intraarterial injection?

It distributes the drug through subcutaneous tissues.

It requires an absorption step.

It provides a method for depot injections.

100% of the dose is delivered almost instantaneously. (correct)

Which route of administration is characterized by the drug being injected into the fatty layer under the skin?

Intramuscular injection

Intraarterial injection

Subcutaneous injection (correct)

Intravenous injection

In which scenario are depot injections particularly useful?

For drugs with high oral absorption rates.

For intravenous drug delivery.

For immediate systemic effects.

For drugs affecting the immune system. (correct)

What mechanism allows large compounds and fat-soluble drugs to enter the bloodstream from depot injections?

Initially passing into adjoining lymph vessels. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about parenteral routes of drug administration is correct?

They are essential for drugs with negligible oral absorption. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using local administration routes for drugs?

To restrict the effect to one accessible anatomical site Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following routes is NOT typically used for local effects?

Oral Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of pharmacokinetics is most critical for understanding systemic effects?

Drug absorption into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Why is oral vancomycin used in prophylactic antibiotic therapy for GI surgery?

Its effects are limited to the GI lumen Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route involves direct introduction of the drug into the body via injection?

Parenteral Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is a systemic effect essential for treatment?

Ulcerative colitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding drug formulation for local effects?

Formulation dictates level and duration of local effect Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about drugs used for systemic effects?

Only injections are effective for systemic therapy Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym ADME stand for in pharmacokinetics?

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is considered the most ideal for ambulatory care?

Oral administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which most drugs cross cell membranes?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors positively correlates with the rate of diffusion of a drug across a membrane?

Higher logP value Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymatic process is primarily responsible for drug metabolism in the body?

Hepatic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for drug action at the receptor level?

Access and interaction with specific receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following routes is NOT a parenteral route of administration?

Oral Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute of a drug is crucial for its passage across cell membranes?

Physicochemical properties of the drug Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Routes of Drug Administration

Various routes for drug delivery include oral, intravenous (IV), intramuscular, subcutaneous, and less common options like intrasynovial, intracardiac, and intraperitoneal.
Oral administration is the most common due to convenience and cost-effectiveness, particularly for ambulatory care.

Drug Interaction and Mechanism

Drugs exert effects by binding to specific receptor targets like enzymes or proteins located within cells or tissues.
Successful interaction with receptors is crucial for eliciting a beneficial response or causing side effects.

Pharmacokinetics (ADME)

ADME acronym stands for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion, which describe the processes determining drug behavior in the body.
Metabolism often occurs in the liver, while renal excretion requires drug passage through cells.

Membrane Permeability

Drug permeability across cell membranes depends on the drug's physicochemical properties and the nature of the biological membranes.
Biological membranes consist of phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and proteins, influencing drug absorption.

Drug Transport Mechanisms

Most drugs cross membranes via diffusion, whereby dissolved substances move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Injection routes (IV, intramuscular, subcutaneous) have different absorption rates, influencing therapeutic effects.

Injection and Absorption Rates

Intravenous and intra-arterial injections deliver the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate systemic effects without absorption delay.
Intramuscular injections involve drug diffusion from muscle to blood vessels, whereas subcutaneous injections allow drug distribution to adjacent vessels.

Depot Injections

Depot injections can deliver drugs directly into the bloodstream from capillaries or through lymphatics for larger molecules, potentially enhancing immunological effects.

Local vs. Systemic Effects

Local effects target a specific site, such as dermatological treatments (creams, ointments) for conditions like psoriasis.
Systemic effects generally require oral administration, although exceptions exist (e.g., oral vancomycin targeting the gastrointestinal lumen).

Pharmacokinetics Importance

Understanding pharmacokinetics is critical for systemic effect medications, while local effects rely on the physicochemical properties of formulations for efficacy.
Drugs intended for systemic administration need delivery to the bloodstream to reach target organs effectively, such as the central nervous system in Parkinson’s disease treatment.

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Description

This quiz provides an overview of various drug administration routes, including common methods like oral administration and less common ones such as intraperitoneal and intracardiac routes. It highlights the significance of cellular barriers in drug action and access to target receptors. Ideal for students studying pharmacology.