Drug Action II Exam 3 Review: Autonomic Nervous System & Cranial Nerves
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary reason why scopolamine has greater central nervous system (CNS) effects compared to atropine?

  • Scopolamine is more lipophilic and can cross the blood-brain barrier more easily (correct)
  • Scopolamine is a more potent muscarinic antagonist
  • Scopolamine has a longer duration of action
  • Scopolamine has a higher affinity for muscarinic receptors

    • Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which tolterodine, a muscarinic antagonist, exerts its effects in the treatment of urinary incontinence?

  • Longer half-life due to shielding of the ester group
  • Uroselective action that preferentially targets the bladder
  • Nonselective blockade of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors (correct)
  • Selective blockade of M2 muscarinic receptors in the bladder

    • Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which solifenacin, a muscarinic antagonist, exhibits a longer half-life compared to other muscarinic antagonists used for urinary incontinence?

  • Enantiomeric selectivity, with the R-enantiomer being more potent
  • Aromatic rings that protect the ester group from hydrolysis (correct)
  • Selective blockade of M3 receptors in the bladder
  • Uroselective action that preferentially targets the bladder

    • How do muscarinic antagonists, such as ipratropium and tiotropium, help alleviate pulmonary constriction in conditions like COPD or asthma?

    <p>By selectively blocking M3 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, preventing cholinergic-mediated bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why tropicamide and cyclopentolate, ophthalmic muscarinic antagonists, have a shorter duration of action compared to atropine?

    <p>They are more rapidly metabolized by esterases compared to atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which neuromuscular blockers, such as competitive non-depolarizing blocking agents (CNMBs), interfere with neuromuscular transmission?

    <p>By competitively binding to and blocking the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the quaternary ammonium structure of ipratropium contribute to its mechanism of action as a muscarinic antagonist?

    <p>The quaternary ammonium structure limits the systemic absorption of ipratropium, leading to a more localized, site-specific effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the thiophene ring structure in the muscarinic antagonist tiotropium compared to ipratropium?

    <p>The thiophene ring protects the ester group of tiotropium from hydrolysis, resulting in a longer duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

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