Drug Absorption and Administration Routes

Intramuscular injection is a preferable method for administering aqueous drugs that require rapid and predictable effects.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why subcutaneous administration of drugs can have unpredictable effects?

What is the major disadvantage of intrathecal, epidural, and perineural injection of drugs?

The ______ is the primary site of action for many anesthetic agents, making direct injection into this space highly effective.

Match the route of administration with its primary advantage:

What is primarily required for water-soluble drugs to diffuse across the cell membrane?

Only small lipophilic drugs can passively diffuse across biological membranes.

What is the process called when transmembrane carrier proteins require energy to transport drugs?

In the CNS, the ___________ barrier limits the transport of hydrophilic drugs.

What limits the passive transport of drugs from the intravascular space into various organs?

Match the transport processes with their definitions:

What type of drugs can enter the CNS by binding to specific transmembrane proteins?

Nonspecific hydrophilic channels are abundant in the CNS.

What is a significant reason for the decreased bioavailability of orally administered drugs?

Sublingual administration of drugs avoids first-pass metabolism.

Name one drug that is commonly administered through the sublingual route.

What does a low therapeutic index indicate?

Intravenous (IV) administration is the only method through which drugs can have a sustained and significant effect.

The administration route that provides rapid drug absorption due to high blood flow is __________.

Which of the following methods allows penetration of intact skin for drug delivery?

What is bioavailability?

For most intravenously administered drugs, the absolute bioavailability is close to __________.

There are many drugs suitable for transcutaneous administration.

Drugs that can maintain a high contact time with __________ or __________ mucosa can be absorbed sublingually.

Which factor primarily affects the absorption rate for oral administration of drugs?

Match the administration method to its characteristic:

Match the following routes of drug administration with their characteristics:

The pulmonary endothelium can slow drug absorption when drugs are administered intravenously.

What is a major obstacle to oral administration in anesthesia practice?

What is the primary function of active transport in drug elimination organs?

Active transport and facilitated diffusion are both limited by the number of carrier proteins available.

What type of transporters are responsible for the limited bioavailability of the drug loperamide?

The class of transporters that transports endogenous opioids into the brain is called __________.

What is the bioavailability percentage of a drug administered intravenously?

Lipophilic compounds require transporters to diffuse across the capillary wall into tissues.

Match the following drugs or transporters with their characteristics:

Which part of the body contains the organic anion polypeptide transporters (OATPs)?