Drosophila Wing Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What role does Tbx5 play in limb development?

Specifies forelimb identity (correct)

Activates FGF10

Activates Tbx4

Induces AER formation

What happens when FGF is present in limb development?

It leads to proximal truncation of the limb.

It inhibits limb bud formation.

It activates the polarizing region. (correct)

It prevents the activation of AER.

Which of the following accurately describes the AER's function in limb development?

Essential for proximal-distal limb growth. (correct)

Responsible for specifying hindlimb identity.

Promotes anterior-posterior patterning.

Induces limb trunkation when absent.

What does the polarizing region influence in limb patterning?

Specifies digital patterns like pinky versus thumb. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do FGF10 and FGF8 relate to the AER?

They facilitate the formation of the AER. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vestigial in wing development?

It is a co-activator necessary for wing development. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is the leg imaginal disc structured?

It extends like a collapsed cone. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What signals are involved in the initiation of limb bud development?

Initial signals from the mesoderm and ectoderm. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the formation of particular leg regions?

The dachshund gene. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when hox genes are expressed in the wrong location in the imaginal disc?

The imaginal disc will grow incorrectly. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What defines the outer layer of the limb bud?

An epithelium known as the apical ectodermal ridge. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling pathway is essential in the early phase of wing development?

Wingless and Notch signaling. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the apical ectodermal ridge do in limb development?

Acts as a zone of proliferating cells. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do hox genes play in organogenesis?

They control the segmentation and development of imaginal discs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does hedgehog (Hh) function as a morphogen in the Drosophila wing disc?

It creates a protein gradient that influences cell fate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Dpp gradient in wing development?

It activates transcription factors and patterns the wing along the A-P axis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'vestigial' refer to in the context of Drosophila wing development?

A transcription factor that integrates various enhancers for wing development. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if cells in the imaginal disc are removed or destroyed?

The remaining cells will regenerate correctly. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the apterous selector gene in Drosophila wing development?

It induces expression of notch ligands in adjacent cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins are involved in the posterior expression patterning in Drosophila wing discs?

Ci and Dpp. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of A-P patterning in Drosophila wings?

Establishment of vein patterns. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organogenesis

Imaginal discs develop from the embryonic ectoderm and persist until metamorphosis.
Segments develop using nox genes.
If cells in a disc are removed, the disc can regrow correctly.
Parallel evolution results in similar traits evolving independently.

Adult Wing

Wings emerge at metamorphosis after the folding and evagination of imaginal discs.
The wing turns inside out, extending outward, with dorsal and ventral surfaces.
Wings are divided into A/P (anterior-posterior) compartments.
The wing imaginal disc has cells that determine the notum and hinge but not the wing itself.
vestigial is a transcription factor co-activator expressed only in the wing, sufficient for wing development.
Wing development is promoted by Notch and Wingless signaling.

Dpp Patterns in Drosophila Wing Disc

Expression of patterning genes responds to signaling centers at the A/P boundary.
engrailed and hedgehog genes are in the posterior of the imaginal disc.
Signaling molecules (including Dpp- morphogen) are involved in patterning.
Selector gene expression begins with pair-rule genes and stays on.
Hedgehog acts as a morphogen, starting in the posterior, and diffuses.
There are posterior and anterior compartments.

D/V Compartment Patterns in Drosophila Wings

apterous, expressed throughout development, induces the expression of serrate (a Notch ligand).
Delta is expressed in dorsal compartments.
serrate and wingless expression forms a stripe in the middle.

Vestigial Expression

Wingless plus vestigial stripe down the center.
Vestigial is a transcription co-activator necessary for wing development.
Vestigial gene expression is influenced by boundary enhancers, and the early expression depends on wingless & notch.

Drosophila Leg Disc

Imaginal leg discs are cone-shaped.
Leg discs have different rings, similar to wings.
Dpp is expressed dorsally and Wingless ventrally.
Distal-less mutation disables distal development.
Hox genes are responsible for directing the formation of particular leg regions.

Limb Buds

Small protrusions from the embryo's body.
Limbs have 3 axes: dorsal/ventral, anterior/posterior, and proximal/distal.
Early limb buds have a mesenchymal core and an outer epithelial layer.
Ectodermal ridge thickening directs limb development.
Limbs differentiate as they extend from proximal to distal.

Genes and Lateral Plate Mesoderm

Lateral plate mesoderm genes influence limb type.
Combinatorial Hox code in the lateral plate mesoderm defines limb placement.

FGF Signaling (General Points)

FGF is a signaling molecule that influences limb formation.
FGF is important for AER formation, crucial for proximo-distal development.
FGF is used to determine the presence or absence of AER, which plays a role in limb development.
FGF signaling involves positive feedback loops.
Removing AER results in limb truncation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the process of wing development in Drosophila, focusing on the roles of imaginal discs, signaling pathways, and key transcription factors. Explore how different genes contribute to the structure and evolution of insect wings. This quiz covers essential concepts of organogenesis and metamorphosis in the context of genetics.