Driving Risk Factors and Safety Systems
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Questions and Answers

Name 3 major factors that can contribute to the degree of risk you encounter while driving.

The Driver, The Vehicle and The Roadway or Environment

Name four steps of the IPDE Process.

Identify, Predict, Decide, Execute

List the five rules of the Smith System.

Aim high in steering, Keep your eyes moving, Get the big picture, Make sure others see you, Leave yourself an 'out'

Explain the structure of the Zone Control System.

<p>See a zone change, Check other zones, Create time and space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of each of the six zones of the Zone Control System?

<p>Front zone, left front zone, right front zone, left rear zone, right rear zone, rear zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'open zone' mean?

<p>'Open zone' is the space where you can drive without a restriction to your line of sight or intended path of travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'closed zone' mean?

<p>'Closed zone' is a space not open to you because of a restriction in your line of sight or intended path of travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you use an orderly visual search pattern?

<p>Look for clues in a systematic manner and repeat the pattern continually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can knowledge and experience help you make accurate predictions?

<p>The more you drive, the better you are at making quick and accurate predictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three decisions must be made when applying IPDE?

<p>Decide to change speed, decide to change direction, decide to communicate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three different positions available to you within your lane?

<p>Car centered in travel lane, 3-6 inches from the left, 3-6 inches from the right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you minimize a hazard?

<p>Decide to put more distance between yourself and the hazard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you separate a hazard?

<p>Decide to adjust your speed to deal with only one hazard at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you compromise space?

<p>Decide to give as much space as possible to the greater hazard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three most important actions you can take to avoid conflict?

<p>Control speed, steer, communicate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'commentary driving' mean?

<p>'Thinking out loud'</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to use IPDE selectively?

<p>When conditions change in one or more zones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the IPDE process take time?

<p>You must have time to identify clues and changing zones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target area?

<p>The section of the roadway where the target is located in the intended path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target area range?

<p>Space from your vehicle to the target area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 4-6 second range?

<p>The space you will travel during the next 4-6 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 12-15 second range?

<p>The space you will travel during the next 12-15 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an orderly visual search pattern?

<p>A process of searching critical areas in a regular sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the field of vision?

<p>The area you can see around you while looking straight ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is central vision?

<p>A narrow cone of only up to 10 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is peripheral vision?

<p>The area you can see to the left or right of central vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to 'aim high' in steering?

<p>'Aim high' means to look ahead 12-15 seconds into your target area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'scanning'?

<p>'Scanning' is glancing continually and quickly for brief fixations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'ground viewing'?

<p>'Ground viewing' is making quick glances to the roadway in front of your vehicle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Driving Risk Factors

  • Major factors include the driver, the vehicle, and the roadway/environment.

IPDE Process

  • The four steps: Identify, Predict, Decide, Execute.

Smith System Rules

  • Drive safely by aiming high in steering, keeping your eyes moving, grasping the big picture, ensuring visibility for others, and leaving an "out."

Zone Control System Structure

  • Use the steps: see a zone change, check other zones, and create time and space with speed control, lane position, and communication.

Zones of Zone Control System

  • Six key zones: front, left front, right front, left rear, right rear, and rear zone.

Open and Closed Zones

  • "Open zone": space available for driving without restrictions.
  • "Closed zone": restricted space affecting line of sight or intended path.

Visual Search Pattern

  • Utilize a systematic approach to search for clues around your path, incorporating short glances instead of staring.

Knowledge and Experience

  • Driving experience enhances memory and prediction accuracy, improving decision-making.

IPDE Decisions

  • Three critical decisions involve changing speed, direction, and communication.

Lane Positions

  • Three possible positions within a lane: centered, 3-6 inches from the left, and 3-6 inches from the right.

Hazard Management

  • Minimize a hazard by increasing distance, separate hazards by adjusting speed, and compromise space by giving more to the greater hazard.

Avoiding Conflict

  • Essential actions: control speed, steer appropriately, and communicate effectively.

Commentary Driving

  • Involves articulating thoughts while driving, promoting awareness.

Selective IPDE Use

  • Apply the IPDE process selectively when conditions change in zones.

Time Required for IPDE

  • The process requires time to identify clues, predict actions, and recognize potential closed zones.

Target Area

  • Defined as the section of the roadway containing the target within the intended path.

Target Area Range

  • The distance from your vehicle to the target area.

Time Ranges

  • 4-6 second range: distance traveled in the next 4-6 seconds.
  • 12-15 second range: distance traveled in the next 12-15 seconds.

Visual Search Patterns

  • An orderly search pattern is essential for consistently checking critical areas.

Field of Vision

  • Refers to the observable area around a driver while looking straight ahead.

Central and Peripheral Vision

  • Central vision: a focused view up to 10 degrees.
  • Peripheral vision: the area visible to the sides, also known as side vision.

Aiming High in Steering

  • Looking 12-15 seconds ahead into your target area while driving.

Scanning

  • Involves quick, continual glances for brief focus during a visual search.

Ground Viewing

  • Refers to making brief glances at the road directly ahead of the vehicle.

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics related to driving safety, including risk factors, the IPDE process, Smith System rules, and the Zone Control System. Test your knowledge on how to navigate safely and recognize different zones while driving effectively.

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