Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a requirement for a vehicle that is more than three years old?
What is a requirement for a vehicle that is more than three years old?
- It must be registered with the DMV.
- It must have new tires.
- It must be insured.
- It must have a valid MOT certificate. (correct)
Which of the following actions is illegal while driving?
Which of the following actions is illegal while driving?
- Driving without a seatbelt. (correct)
- Driving below the speed limit.
- Listening to music at a normal volume.
- Using a hands-free phone.
What must a driver possess before taking a vehicle on the road?
What must a driver possess before taking a vehicle on the road?
- A driver's license and proof of employment.
- A GPS device and passenger consent.
- Vehicle insurance and a valid MOT certificate. (correct)
- Knowledge of the vehicle's history.
What is NOT a consequence of road traffic offences?
What is NOT a consequence of road traffic offences?
Which action is prohibited under in-car safety legislation?
Which action is prohibited under in-car safety legislation?
What must a driver ensure regarding their vehicle before driving?
What must a driver ensure regarding their vehicle before driving?
What is a legal requirement for obtaining a driving license?
What is a legal requirement for obtaining a driving license?
Which scenario would likely require the driver to stop legally?
Which scenario would likely require the driver to stop legally?
What type of crime emerged in the twentieth century due to advancements in technology?
What type of crime emerged in the twentieth century due to advancements in technology?
What was the maximum speed limit set by the law of 1865 for vehicles in towns?
What was the maximum speed limit set by the law of 1865 for vehicles in towns?
Which act was introduced in 1896 that changed the regulations for motor vehicles?
Which act was introduced in 1896 that changed the regulations for motor vehicles?
What significant change occurred in the 1920s regarding car production?
What significant change occurred in the 1920s regarding car production?
Which of the following events is noted as one of the first recorded fatalities caused by a car accident?
Which of the following events is noted as one of the first recorded fatalities caused by a car accident?
In the late nineteenth century, which group was most likely to afford cars?
In the late nineteenth century, which group was most likely to afford cars?
What major change occurred on British roads by the 1930s?
What major change occurred on British roads by the 1930s?
What was a requirement of vehicles under the Locomotive Acts before the 1896 change?
What was a requirement of vehicles under the Locomotive Acts before the 1896 change?
What was one of the main reasons for the protestors' anger?
What was one of the main reasons for the protestors' anger?
Which statement best describes the work situation of agricultural laborers during the winter months?
Which statement best describes the work situation of agricultural laborers during the winter months?
What was one outcome of the bad harvests in 1828 and 1829?
What was one outcome of the bad harvests in 1828 and 1829?
What action did the protestors take against Mr. Ellerby’s threshing machines?
What action did the protestors take against Mr. Ellerby’s threshing machines?
What did Mr. Ellerby initially believe about the laborers' reaction to his methods?
What did Mr. Ellerby initially believe about the laborers' reaction to his methods?
What percentage increase was recorded in phishing attacks during 2015?
What percentage increase was recorded in phishing attacks during 2015?
What is the primary goal of a computer virus?
What is the primary goal of a computer virus?
In what way do phishing scams primarily operate?
In what way do phishing scams primarily operate?
What does cyberterrorism involve?
What does cyberterrorism involve?
What is an example of identity theft?
What is an example of identity theft?
Which action is considered spam?
Which action is considered spam?
What constitutes harassment in the online context?
What constitutes harassment in the online context?
Which of the following is linked to sexual crimes online?
Which of the following is linked to sexual crimes online?
What strategy did some vagabonds use to elicit charity from the public?
What strategy did some vagabonds use to elicit charity from the public?
What types of animals did the vagabonds confess to stealing?
What types of animals did the vagabonds confess to stealing?
What is a 'counterfeit crank'?
What is a 'counterfeit crank'?
How were ordinary people’s perceptions of vagabonds generally shaped?
How were ordinary people’s perceptions of vagabonds generally shaped?
What term described the slang language used by vagabonds?
What term described the slang language used by vagabonds?
What was the primary method of survival for some vagabonds?
What was the primary method of survival for some vagabonds?
Who was the notorious counterfeit crank mentioned in the account?
Who was the notorious counterfeit crank mentioned in the account?
What was the role of disguise among vagabonds like Nicholas Blunt?
What was the role of disguise among vagabonds like Nicholas Blunt?
What does the term 'ogof' mean in the context of place names?
What does the term 'ogof' mean in the context of place names?
Which location was noted as a notorious center for smuggling activities?
Which location was noted as a notorious center for smuggling activities?
Which of the following place names suggests a connection with smugglers?
Which of the following place names suggests a connection with smugglers?
Which feature of the Pembrokeshire coast made it suitable for smuggling?
Which feature of the Pembrokeshire coast made it suitable for smuggling?
What type of products were likely associated with smuggling in the area based on place names?
What type of products were likely associated with smuggling in the area based on place names?
Carmarthen, Ammanford, and Haverfordwest are located in which Welsh county?
Carmarthen, Ammanford, and Haverfordwest are located in which Welsh county?
What does the presence of place names related to smuggling suggest about the historical economy of the region?
What does the presence of place names related to smuggling suggest about the historical economy of the region?
Which of the following regions is not mentioned in the context of smuggling?
Which of the following regions is not mentioned in the context of smuggling?
Flashcards
Abraham man
Abraham man
A type of vagabond who pretended to be mad, hoping that their threatening behavior would result in charity donations through pity.
Ruffler
Ruffler
A former soldier who had become a vagabond and survived by robbing, using threats or begging.
Dummerer
Dummerer
A type of vagabond who pretended to be deaf and unable to speak to beg for charity from passers-by.
Counterfeit crank
Counterfeit crank
A type of vagabond who dressed in tatty clothes and pretended to suffer from 'falling sickness' (epilepsy), sucking soap to fake foaming at the mouth.
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Canting
Canting
A secret language used by vagabonds to communicate with each other and avoid detection.
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Fear of vagabonds
Fear of vagabonds
Ordinary people saw false beggars with suspicion because they were associated with an increase in crime.
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Nicholas Blunt
Nicholas Blunt
A notorious counterfeit crank who often disguised himself as a different vagabond to avoid being recognized.
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Disguising oneself
Disguising oneself
The practice of disguising oneself as a different person to avoid detection.
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What does the Welsh word 'ogof' mean?
What does the Welsh word 'ogof' mean?
The Welsh word for "cave" is 'ogof'.
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Why was smuggling common on the Pembrokeshire coast?
Why was smuggling common on the Pembrokeshire coast?
Smuggling was common on the Pembrokeshire coast because of its many caves and beaches.
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What do place names like 'Brandy Brook' and 'Ogof Tobacco' suggest?
What do place names like 'Brandy Brook' and 'Ogof Tobacco' suggest?
Place names like 'Brandy Brook' and 'Ogof Tobacco' suggest a history of smuggling in the area.
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Which place was a notorious centre for smuggling in the area?
Which place was a notorious centre for smuggling in the area?
Barry Island was known for its smuggling activity.
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Why were caves and beaches important for smuggling activity?
Why were caves and beaches important for smuggling activity?
Smuggling activities were often linked to caves and beaches.
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What past activity was common on the Pembrokeshire coast?
What past activity was common on the Pembrokeshire coast?
The Pembrokeshire coast has a rich history of smuggling.
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Why are place names like 'Brandy Brook' significant?
Why are place names like 'Brandy Brook' significant?
The survival of place names like 'Brandy Brook' suggests connection to past smuggling activities.
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What might places named after smuggled goods suggest?
What might places named after smuggled goods suggest?
Places with names related to smuggled goods suggest a history connected to that activity.
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What is a food shortage called?
What is a food shortage called?
A period of time when there is a shortage of food, often leading to higher prices.
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Who were agricultural labourers?
Who were agricultural labourers?
Laborers on farms who were paid less than those working in factories.
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What were threshing machines?
What were threshing machines?
Machines invented to separate grain from stalks, which replaced manual threshing.
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What was a workhouse?
What was a workhouse?
A place where poor people could go to live and receive basic necessities, often seen as unpleasant and harsh.
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What is violence as a form of protest?
What is violence as a form of protest?
Actions taken because of anger and frustration, often directed at things seen as the cause of the problem.
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Computer Virus
Computer Virus
Deliberately introducing harmful software into a computer network to cause damage or disruption.
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Cyber Harassment
Cyber Harassment
Using electronic communication to harass, threaten, or intimidate individuals.
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Phishing Scam
Phishing Scam
Using fake emails or websites to trick people into revealing personal information like passwords or bank details.
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Hacking
Hacking
Gaining unauthorized access to computer systems, data, or networks.
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Spam
Spam
Sending unsolicited bulk emails for commercial purposes, often to promote products or services.
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Cyberterrorism
Cyberterrorism
Using computer networks to attack governments or organizations for political motives.
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Fraud and Identity Theft
Fraud and Identity Theft
Stealing someone's identity and using it for illegal activities, like accessing bank accounts or making fraudulent purchases.
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Sexual Crimes Online
Sexual Crimes Online
The use of computers to share illegal images or content related to child sexual abuse.
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Vehicle registration requirements
Vehicle registration requirements
The legal process for obtaining a vehicle license, usually involving taxes, insurance and safety inspections.
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MOT certificate
MOT certificate
Ensuring a vehicle meets safety standards, typically involving a check by a certified inspector.
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Driving license
Driving license
A legal document demonstrating a person has successfully completed a driving test and is qualified to operate a vehicle.
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Highway Code
Highway Code
A set of rules and guidelines outlining safe and responsible driving practices.
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Driving under the influence
Driving under the influence
The act of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, which is strictly prohibited and punishable by law.
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Dangerous driving
Dangerous driving
A type of road traffic offense, where a driver actions create a potential danger or risk of harm for others.
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Careless driving
Careless driving
A type of road traffic offense, where a driver actions fall below the expected standard of care, even if they don't lead to harm.
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Road traffic offences
Road traffic offences
Various offenses committed while driving, including speeding, parking violations, and driving with a phone.
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Motoring Offences
Motoring Offences
The introduction of motor vehicles and their increasing prevalence on British roads led to the development of new types of crimes, such as traffic violations, accidents, and, eventually, organized crime involving vehicle theft and insurance fraud.
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Rise of Motor Vehicle Accidents
Rise of Motor Vehicle Accidents
As cars became more common in the early 20th century, accidents and related crimes increased, causing concern and prompting authorities to introduce stricter traffic regulations and safety measures.
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Organized Crime Linked to Vehicles
Organized Crime Linked to Vehicles
The rapid spread of car ownership in the 1920s and 1930s led to a growth in car-related crimes like car theft, insurance fraud, and organized crime linked to vehicles.
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Impact of Motor Vehicles on Crime
Impact of Motor Vehicles on Crime
In the early 20th century, the increasing prevalence of automobiles on British roads contributed to a significant rise in crime related to vehicles, impacting society in various ways.
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Cybercrime
Cybercrime
The development of communication technologies, particularly the internet, has created new avenues for crime, including online fraud, identity theft, cyberbullying, data breaches, and the spread of misinformation.
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Terrorism
Terrorism
Terrorism is a form of crime that uses violence and intimidation to achieve political goals, often targeting civilians or infrastructure. The rise of extremism and globalized conflict has led to a growing concern about international terrorism.
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Changing Nature of Crime in 20th & 21st Centuries
Changing Nature of Crime in 20th & 21st Centuries
The rapid advancements in technology and transportation during the 20th and 21st centuries have transformed the nature of crime, leading to new types of offenses and challenging existing methods of law enforcement.
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Evolving Crime Tactics
Evolving Crime Tactics
As society evolves, so too do the tactics and methods used by criminals, reflecting a constantly changing landscape of criminal activity.
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Nature of Crimes
- This chapter examines how criminal activity has changed over time, from approximately 1500 to the present.
- Common crimes throughout this period include petty theft, robbery, assault, and murder.
- Specific crimes emerged during particular time periods.
- The 16th century saw an increase in heresy and treason due to religious changes.
- The 18th century witnessed an increase in smuggling, related to high taxes on imported goods.
- The 20th century saw a significant rise in motoring crimes.
- Late 20th and early 21st centuries experienced an increase in violent crimes associated with terrorism, particularly international terrorism.
Focus Task
- Students should create cards for each century between 1500 and the present.
- Each card should list common crimes, the nature of the crimes, and specifics related to that century.
Crime during the 16th and 17th Centuries
- Petty theft and violent crime remained common in these centuries.
- Vagrancy and heresy emerged as significant issues, especially during Elizabeth I's reign.
Vagrancy in the 16th Century
- Vagrancy was a significant problem during the 16th century, particularly during Elizabeth I's reign.
- Vagrants were often associated with increased crime and criminal activity.
Growth in the Number of Vagrants
- Unemployment and economic hardship led to an increase in homelessness and vagrancy during the 16th and 17th centuries.
- These individuals were sometimes referred to as "sturdy beggars" or "vagabonds."
Types of Vagrants
- Various types of vagrant existed, each with specific methods to survive, sometimes through crime.
- Examples include: Clapper dudgeon, Hooker or angler, Doxy, Abraham man, Ruffler and Dummerers.
Fear of Vagabonds
- Ordinary people viewed vagrants with suspicion due to their association with crime.
- Vagrancy itself became a crime, with various offenses often associated with the social class of vagrants.
Heresy in the 16th Century
- Religious adherence was enforced by the ruling monarch.
- Failure to follow the prevailing religious doctrine, resulted in accusations of heresy and potential execution.
Crime During the 18th and 19th Centuries
- Minor crimes (e.g., petty theft) remained common.
- New crimes emerged, including smuggling and highway robbery.
The Growth of Smuggling in the 18th Century
- Smuggling was viewed by some as legitimate activity, rather than a crime, for avoiding import duties.
- Multiple factors contributed to its growth in the 18th century.
- Factors included high import duties, the cost of war, employment opportunities.
The Development of Technology and Industrial Revolution
- The Industrial Revolution and urbanization created new crime opportunities, such as pickpocketing among juveniles.
- New offenses associated with factories and technological innovations arose.
Crimes Connected With Urbanization in the 19th Century
- Criminal class emerged with criminals concentrated in specific areas (rookeries) of large cities.
- The criminal class was divided into categories based on the type of crime committed.
- Crimes like pickpocketing became a noteworthy issue due to large populations and urban growth.
The Growth of Crime in the 20th and 21st Centuries
- Advances in technology and transport have resulted in new types of crime.
- Crimes like motoring offenses, cybercrime, and terrorism emerged in this period.
Motoring Offenses
- Motor vehicles became more common.
- Laws and regulations regarding vehicles (e.g. speed limits, road safety) evolved, with various offenses associated with them.
Theft of Vehicles
- Car theft rose as a result of improvements in car security and in response to better car security
- Car theft involved obtaining access to vehicles.
- Car theft included situations where cars were stolen to fulfill other criminal activities.
Theft from Vehicles
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Theft of mobile phones from vehicles increased after 1985
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Often associated with traffic lights to gain advantage
Joyriding
- One type of offense related to taking motor vehicles without the permission of the owner
Alcohol and Drug-Related Driving Offenses
- An increase in alcohol related offenses has coincided with the availability of cars
- A noticeable rise in prosecutions for drink driving.
Development of Terrorism
- Terrorist groups have used different methods, including hijackings, assassinations, hostage-taking, bombings, and suicide bombings
- Terror attacks have prompted increased security measures.
The Actions of Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru (MAC)
- A paramilitary Welsh nationalist organization responsible for bombings during 1963-1969
The Actions of Meibion Glyndŵr
- Opposed the decline of the Welsh language and culture.
- Involved in arson attacks on English-owned holiday homes in Wales, especially between 1979-1994
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