Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of a Non-Dispersed mud system?
What is the main characteristic of a Non-Dispersed mud system?
What is the purpose of adding lignite and other chemicals in Dispersed mud systems?
What is the purpose of adding lignite and other chemicals in Dispersed mud systems?
What is the function of hydrated lime, gypsum, and calcium chloride in Calcium-Treated mud systems?
What is the function of hydrated lime, gypsum, and calcium chloride in Calcium-Treated mud systems?
What is the characteristic of a saturated salt mud system?
What is the characteristic of a saturated salt mud system?
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What is the type of Oil-Based mud system where oil is the continuous phase and water is the dispersed phase?
What is the type of Oil-Based mud system where oil is the continuous phase and water is the dispersed phase?
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What is the purpose of adding emulsifiers in drilling mud systems?
What is the purpose of adding emulsifiers in drilling mud systems?
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What is the primary function of dry air or gas injection in drilling mud systems?
What is the primary function of dry air or gas injection in drilling mud systems?
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What is the purpose of using chemical detergents and polymers in foam drilling?
What is the purpose of using chemical detergents and polymers in foam drilling?
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What is the primary characteristic of workover mud systems?
What is the primary characteristic of workover mud systems?
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What is the typical composition of workover mud systems?
What is the typical composition of workover mud systems?
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Study Notes
Drilling Fluid Classification Systems
- Non-Dispersed Mud System: used in shallower portions of a well
- Comprises of spud muds, natural muds, and lightly treated systems
Dispersed Mud Systems
- Used in deeper wells or where viscosity problems occur
- Treatments include deflocculants and filtrate reducers
- Main dispersed mud is lignosulfonate system, with additives like lignite and chemicals to maintain mud properties
Calcium-Treated Mud Systems
- Uses calcium and magnesium to inhibit clay/shale hydration
- Main components: hydrated lime, gypsum, and calcium chloride
Polymer Mud Systems
- Polymers are long-chained, high molecular-weight compounds
- Used to increase viscosity, flocculate clays, reduce filtrate, and stabilize borehole
- Bio-polymers and cross-linked polymers with good shear-thinning properties are also used
Low Solids Mud System
- Controls solids content and type
- Total solids should not exceed 6% to 10%
- Clay content should not be higher than 3%
- Drilled solids to bentonite ratio should be less than 2:1
Saturated Salt Mud Systems
- Chloride content: 189,000 ppm
- Saltwater systems: chloride content ranges from 6,000 to 189,000 ppm
- Muds can be prepared with fresh or salt water, then sodium chloride or other salts are added
- Attapulgite clay, CMC, or starch is added to maintain viscosity
Oil-Based Mud Systems
- Two types: invert emulsion (water-in-oil mud) and emulsion muds (oil-in-water mud)
- Emulsifiers are added to control rheological properties
Air, Mist, Foam-Based Mud Systems
- Four types: dry air or gas injection, mist drilling, foam drilling, and aerated fluids
- Used for lower hydrostatic pressure and to remove cuttings
Workover Mud Systems
- Also called completion fluids
- Designed to minimize formation damage, be compatible with acidizing and fracturing fluids, and reduce clay/shale hydration
- Usually highly treated brines and blended salt fluids
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Description
Learn about different types of drilling fluid classification systems, including non-dispersed and dispersed systems, and their applications in drilling wells.
