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Questions and Answers
What is a drawback of interrupt-driven I/O?
What is a drawback of interrupt-driven I/O?
- Limited I/O transfer rate due to processor intervention (correct)
- Efficient data transfer between memory and I/O module
- Utilization of cycle stealing technique
- Ability to mimic the processor on the system bus
How does DMA differ from programmed and interrupt-driven I/O?
How does DMA differ from programmed and interrupt-driven I/O?
- DMA requires the active intervention of the processor
- DMA limits the I/O transfer rate by the speed of the processor
- DMA involves an additional module on the system bus (correct)
- DMA is less efficient than interrupt-driven I/O
What is the purpose of cycle stealing in DMA?
What is the purpose of cycle stealing in DMA?
- To limit the I/O transfer rate by mimicking the processor's behavior
- To steal a bus cycle to force the processor to suspend operation temporarily (correct)
- To allow efficient data transfer between memory and I/O module
- To increase the I/O transfer rate by utilizing multiple bus cycles
What is the main drawback of both programmed and interrupt-driven I/O?
What is the main drawback of both programmed and interrupt-driven I/O?
Why does the DMA module need to use the bus only when the processor does not need it?
Why does the DMA module need to use the bus only when the processor does not need it?
In the context of I/O operations, what does DMA stand for?
In the context of I/O operations, what does DMA stand for?
What happens when the processor issues a command to the DMA module for reading or writing a block of data?
What happens when the processor issues a command to the DMA module for reading or writing a block of data?
What is the role of the DMA module in I/O operations?
What is the role of the DMA module in I/O operations?
What is the evolutionary step in I/O operations when interrupts are employed?
What is the evolutionary step in I/O operations when interrupts are employed?
How does the architecture with an I/O processor benefit I/O operations?
How does the architecture with an I/O processor benefit I/O operations?
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Study Notes
I/O Operations
- A drawback of interrupt-driven I/O is that it can cause the processor to be interrupted frequently, reducing its ability to perform other tasks.
DMA (Direct Memory Access)
- DMA differs from programmed and interrupt-driven I/O in that it allows peripherals to access memory directly, without involving the processor.
- The purpose of cycle stealing in DMA is to allow the DMA module to access the bus and transfer data to or from memory, without interrupting the processor.
- The DMA module needs to use the bus only when the processor does not need it, to avoid conflicts and ensure efficient data transfer.
- DMA stands for Direct Memory Access, which is a method of transferring data between peripherals and memory without involving the processor.
- When the processor issues a command to the DMA module for reading or writing a block of data, the DMA module takes control of the bus and transfers the data directly, freeing the processor to perform other tasks.
- The role of the DMA module in I/O operations is to manage the transfer of data between peripherals and memory, reducing the processor's workload and improving system efficiency.
Evolution of I/O Operations
- The evolutionary step in I/O operations when interrupts are employed is that it allows the processor to focus on other tasks while the I/O operation is being performed, improving system efficiency.
I/O Processor
- The architecture with an I/O processor benefits I/O operations by allowing the I/O processor to handle I/O tasks, freeing the main processor to focus on other tasks and improving system efficiency.
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