Computer Architecture 2: ALU and Instructions

A special type of memory found inside the processor. They are like tiny storage boxes for holding temporary data.

A unit inside the processor responsible for carrying out arithmetic operations (like addition, subtraction) and logical operations (like comparisons).

A set of instructions that tell the processor what to do, like fetching data, performing calculations, or changing the order of execution.

An instruction that moves data from one location to another, for example, loading data from memory into a register or storing data from a register into memory.

An instruction that performs arithmetic or logical operations, like addition, subtraction, comparison, shifting, or rotating data.

An instruction that controls the flow of execution in a program, such as jumping to a different part of code or ending the program.

The first part of an instruction that identifies the operation to be performed.

The data that an instruction operates on, such as a register, a memory address, or a constant value.

An instruction that moves data from memory into a register.

An instruction that moves data from a register into memory.

An instruction that jumps to a specific location in the program, regardless of any conditions.

An instruction that jumps to a specific location in the program only if a certain condition is met.

A jump instruction that allows the program to move between different segments of memory.

A jump instruction that allows the program to move within the same segment of memory.

An instruction that adds the values in two registers and stores the result in a third register.

An instruction that performs a logical OR operation on the values in two registers and stores the result in a third register.

An instruction that performs a logical AND operation on the values in two registers and stores the result in a third register.

An instruction that performs a logical XOR operation on the values in two registers and stores the result in a third register.

An instruction that shifts the bits in a register to the left or right.

An instruction that rotates the bits in a register to the left or right, with the bits that fall off one end wrapping around to the other.

A way of encoding data into a sequence of bits.

A table that defines the relationship between instructions and their corresponding binary codes.

The specific set of instructions that a particular processor can understand and execute.

Specialized instructions designed to handle errors or exceptional events during program execution.

Instructions that allow the program to interact with external devices, such as input/output (I/O) devices.

A specific type of instruction that allows the program to communicate with the operating system or other software components.

A set of instructions that perform specific tasks, such as mathematical calculations or string manipulation.

The process of converting a program written in a high-level language into machine code that can be executed by the processor.