Drainage Patterns and Systems in India
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Questions and Answers

What river is believed to have traversed the entire longitudinal extent of the Himalaya during the Miocene period?

Indo-Brahma river.

Which area is referred to as Dardistan in the context of the Indo-Brahma river?

The region where the Indus river enters into Pakistan near Chilas.

How many main drainage systems did the Indo-Brahma river dismember into?

Three main drainage systems.

What geological event is believed to have caused the dismemberment of the Indo-Brahma river?

<p>The Pleistocene upheaval in the western Himalayas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the five rivers of Punjab that join the Indus river?

<p>Panjnad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main depositional features formed by rivers entering the plains?

<p>The main depositional features include flat valleys, ox-bow lakes, flood plains, braided channels, and deltas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Kosi river bring such a large quantity of sediments from its upper reaches?

<p>The Kosi river brings huge quantities of sediments due to its steep gradient in the upper reaches, causing erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the discharge of the Kosi river fluctuate, and when does it receive maximum water?

<p>The discharge of the Kosi river fluctuates with seasonal rainfall, receiving maximum water typically during the monsoon season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some positive and negative effects of flooding caused by Himalayan rivers?

<p>Positive effects include replenishing soil nutrients, while negative effects can include property damage and loss of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin and significance of the Indus River in the Himalayan drainage system?

<p>The Indus originates from a glacier near Bokhar Chu in Tibet and is one of the largest river basins in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Ganga River in India?

<p>The Ganga River is significant both culturally and as the most important river basin in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Kosi River originate?

<p>The Kosi River originates to the north of Mount Everest in Tibet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main tributaries of the Ganga mentioned?

<p>The main tributaries include the Ramganga, the Gomati, the Ghaghara, the Gandak, the Kosi, and the Mahananda.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the course of the Ramganga River.

<p>The Ramganga flows southwest after rising in the Garhwal hills and joins the Ganga near Kannauj.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Damodar River flow and where does it join the Ganga?

<p>The Damodar flows through the eastern margins of the Chotanagpur Plateau and joins the Hugli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tsangpo known for in southern Tibet?

<p>It means 'the purifier'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which river joins the Tsangpo in the plains before it meets the Ganga?

<p>The river Sarda, also known as Kali or Kali Ganga.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the river when it emerges from the foothills under the name Siang?

<p>It becomes known as the Brahmaputra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one major left bank tributary of the Brahmaputra.

<p>Burhi Dihing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological events have shaped the present drainage systems of Peninsular India?

<p>Subsidence and upheaval of the Himalayas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drainage System

  • Rivers, nalas, and channels drain excess water during the rainy season.
  • Blocked or ill-defined channels cause flooding.
  • Drainage refers to water flowing through defined channels.
  • A drainage system is a network of channels.
  • Drainage patterns are determined by geology, topography, and water flow.
  • Catchment area is the area a river collects water from.
  • Drainage basin includes the river and its tributaries.
  • Drainage patterns include dendritic (tree-like), radial, trellis, and centripetal (flowing into a center).

Important Drainage Patterns

  • Dendritic: River branching like a tree, common in northern plains.
  • Radial: Rivers originating from a hill, flowing in all directions, e.g., Amarkantak range.
  • Trellis: Primary tributaries parallel to each other, secondary tributaries perpendicular, forming a trellis pattern.
  • Centripetal: Rivers flowing from all directions into a lake or depression.

Major Rivers of India

  • Map showing major rivers of India, including the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra, with their tributaries, and the water divide.

Himalayan Drainage

  • Rivers originating in the Himalayas, such as the Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra, are perennial due to glacier melt.
  • These rivers carve deep gorges and V-shaped valleys.
  • These rivers, like the Ganga and Indus, flow towards the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, respectively.

Peninsular Drainage

  • Older than Himalayan drainage, with mostly fixed courses.
  • Rivers flow in broad, shallow valleys, commonly flowing west to east, such as the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri.
  • Rivers are generally non-perennial.
  • The Narmada and Tapi are exceptions, flowing west to the Arabian Sea.
  • These rivers are affected by geological events, like subsidence and upheavals, resulting in their pattern.

River Basins and Watersheds

  • River basins are large areas drained by a river and its tributaries.
  • Watersheds are the areas separating river basins.
  • A watershed affects an entire basin.

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Description

Explore the intricate drainage systems and patterns found in India, including dendritic, radial, trellis, and centripetal formations. This quiz delves into how geographical and geological factors influence these systems and their significance in managing water flow. Understand the major rivers and their drainage basins across the country.

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