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What percentage of individuals experience visual impairment following stroke or brain injury?
What percentage of individuals experience visual impairment following stroke or brain injury?
What is the primary goal of the adaptation/compensatory approach in managing visual field loss?
What is the primary goal of the adaptation/compensatory approach in managing visual field loss?
What type of intervention involves the use of Peli prisms?
What type of intervention involves the use of Peli prisms?
What is the primary goal of restorative interventions for visual field loss?
What is the primary goal of restorative interventions for visual field loss?
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What type of deficit is characterized by misalignment of the two eyes?
What type of deficit is characterized by misalignment of the two eyes?
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What type of exercise is used in restorative interventions for ocular motility deficits?
What type of exercise is used in restorative interventions for ocular motility deficits?
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What is the purpose of the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Test?
What is the purpose of the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Test?
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What type of training is recommended for individuals with visual inattention and neglect?
What type of training is recommended for individuals with visual inattention and neglect?
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What is the primary goal of neuro-optometry in the context of visual perceptual deficits?
What is the primary goal of neuro-optometry in the context of visual perceptual deficits?
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What type of devices are recommended for individuals with low vision?
What type of devices are recommended for individuals with low vision?
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What is the purpose of the Warren Fixation Test?
What is the purpose of the Warren Fixation Test?
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What is the primary role of confrontation testing in the context of visual field screening?
What is the primary role of confrontation testing in the context of visual field screening?
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What is the prevalence of visual impairment following stroke or brain injury?
What is the prevalence of visual impairment following stroke or brain injury?
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What is the main goal of substitutive interventions for visual field loss?
What is the main goal of substitutive interventions for visual field loss?
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What type of visual impairment is characterized by a restriction in the visual field?
What type of visual impairment is characterized by a restriction in the visual field?
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What is the primary goal of compensatory interventions for ocular motility deficits?
What is the primary goal of compensatory interventions for ocular motility deficits?
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What is the name of the prism lens used in substitutive interventions for visual field loss?
What is the name of the prism lens used in substitutive interventions for visual field loss?
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What is the primary goal of restorative interventions for ocular motility deficits?
What is the primary goal of restorative interventions for ocular motility deficits?
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What is the name of the disorder characterized by misalignment of the two eyes?
What is the name of the disorder characterized by misalignment of the two eyes?
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What is the primary goal of neuro-ophthalmology in the context of visual perceptual deficits?
What is the primary goal of neuro-ophthalmology in the context of visual perceptual deficits?
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What is the purpose of the Double H Convergence test?
What is the purpose of the Double H Convergence test?
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What type of visual perceptual deficit is characterized by misperceiving visual stimuli?
What type of visual perceptual deficit is characterized by misperceiving visual stimuli?
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What is the purpose of screening visual acuity?
What is the purpose of screening visual acuity?
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What type of training is recommended for smooth pursuit eye movements?
What type of training is recommended for smooth pursuit eye movements?
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What is the purpose of the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Test?
What is the purpose of the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Test?
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What type of devices are recommended for individuals with low vision?
What type of devices are recommended for individuals with low vision?
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What is the primary goal of compensatory training for visual inattention?
What is the primary goal of compensatory training for visual inattention?
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Study Notes
Visual Impairment Following Stroke or Brain Injury
- 72% prevalence of visual impairment after stroke or brain injury
- Types of visual impairments:
- Central vision impairment
- Peripheral vision (visual field loss)
- Eye movement disorders
- Visual perception disorders (inattention)
Visual Field Loss
- 3 main approaches:
- Adaptation/compensatory (more favorable option)
- Substitution
- Restitution
- Interventions:
- Compensation: Scanning and search training
- Substitutive: Peli prisms
- Restorative: Light stimuli to border area of visual field loss to increase visual field
Ocular Motility Deficits
- Causes:
- Strabismus (misalignment of the 2 eyes)
- Ocular abnormalities (from cranial nerve problems)
- Interventions:
- Pharmacological: Botox
- Compensatory: Occlusion to eradicate 2 image; adaptive head postures and increase in lighting
- Substitutive: Prisms to reduce diplopia
- Restorative: Vergence exercises or in more chronic cases with ocular muscle surgery
Reduced Central Vision
- Characteristics:
- Reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity
- Treatment:
- Retest vision after BI
- Adjust glasses
- Low vision aids (e.g. magnifiers)
- Modification of light and environment
Visual Perceptual Deficits
- Characteristics:
- Visual inattention/neglect
- Interventions:
- Substitutive: Perceptual retraining and visual scanning
- Compensatory: Scanning therapy, ADL training and provision of aids and modifications; smooth pursuit training
Screening and Examination Techniques
- Visual acuity
- Contrast sensitivity
- Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Test
- Visual Fixation/Attention Testing
- Warren Fixation Test
- Ocular Alignment/Range of Motion Testing
- Double H Convergence Depth Perception
- Straw and stirrer test
- Screening Visual Field:
- Peripheral testing
- Confrontation testing
- Tests for neglect
Role of Physical Therapist
- Detection of a problem
- Consultation and referral
- Collaboration with Neuro optometry and Neuro ophthalmology
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Description
This quiz covers the common visual impairments that occur after stroke or brain injury, screening and examination techniques used by physical therapists, and basic intervention methods for managing visual impairment. Based on the 2017 study by Hanna et al. in Brain Behavior.
