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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotes?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotes?
Which of the following is NOT a common element of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a common element of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of ribosomes in microbial cells?
What is the function of ribosomes in microbial cells?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major cell lineages (domains)?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major cell lineages (domains)?
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Which disease did Edward Jenner discover could give cross-immunity to smallpox?
Which disease did Edward Jenner discover could give cross-immunity to smallpox?
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Which of the following is a key reservoir of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus on Earth?
Which of the following is a key reservoir of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus on Earth?
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Who developed the enrichment culture technique?
Who developed the enrichment culture technique?
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What is the name of the major crop plant that lives in close association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
What is the name of the major crop plant that lives in close association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
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Which bacterium is responsible for the bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death?
Which bacterium is responsible for the bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death?
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Which of the following is a microbial ecosystem found in the digestive chamber of ruminant animals?
Which of the following is a microbial ecosystem found in the digestive chamber of ruminant animals?
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What did Robert Koch discover about bacteria in the blood of animals with anthrax?
What did Robert Koch discover about bacteria in the blood of animals with anthrax?
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What is the term for bacteria and viruses that cause diseases?
What is the term for bacteria and viruses that cause diseases?
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What did Sergei Winogradsky describe?
What did Sergei Winogradsky describe?
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What disease did Pasteur develop a successful vaccine for in 1885?
What disease did Pasteur develop a successful vaccine for in 1885?
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Which of the following is a method used in the food industry to preserve food and give it flavor?
Which of the following is a method used in the food industry to preserve food and give it flavor?
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What is the goal of bioremediation?
What is the goal of bioremediation?
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What did Louis Pasteur's research show about alcoholic fermentation?
What did Louis Pasteur's research show about alcoholic fermentation?
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What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek observe using his single lens microscope?
What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek observe using his single lens microscope?
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What did Robert Hooke publish in 1665?
What did Robert Hooke publish in 1665?
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The genome of a cell is made up of millions of base pairs of DNA which is different in each microorganism.
The genome of a cell is made up of millions of base pairs of DNA which is different in each microorganism.
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A cyanobacterium was the start of the anaerobic organism in Earth's evolution. They were the first that organisms to be able to use oxygen in energy production and started the world we live in today.
A cyanobacterium was the start of the anaerobic organism in Earth's evolution. They were the first that organisms to be able to use oxygen in energy production and started the world we live in today.
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A bacteria that grows in extreme conditions in which most microorganisms are unable such as extreme pressure, temperature, NaCl concentration, osmolarity and pH changes are .
A bacteria that grows in extreme conditions in which most microorganisms are unable such as extreme pressure, temperature, NaCl concentration, osmolarity and pH changes are .
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Cellulose is not able to be digested without a microbial environment called rumen. This microbial community is able to ferment cellulose by breaking down to cell wall.
Cellulose is not able to be digested without a microbial environment called rumen. This microbial community is able to ferment cellulose by breaking down to cell wall.
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The importance of a GI microbio.
The importance of a GI microbio.
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The process of fermentation uses microorganisms to produce perceived foods and give them differing flavours.
The process of fermentation uses microorganisms to produce perceived foods and give them differing flavours.
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Methanogens produce methane by an anaerobic metabolism.
Methanogens produce methane by an anaerobic metabolism.
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Pasteur's experiment was the way in which effective sterilization was produced and spontaneous generation was disproven. What is not one of the parts to the Experiment?
Pasteur's experiment was the way in which effective sterilization was produced and spontaneous generation was disproven. What is not one of the parts to the Experiment?
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A pure culture contains a single kind of microorganism on a liquid nutrient solidified with gelatin or agar.
A pure culture contains a single kind of microorganism on a liquid nutrient solidified with gelatin or agar.
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The black death is an important part of microbial history. Which one of the options is most correct?
The black death is an important part of microbial history. Which one of the options is most correct?
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Study Notes
Prokaryotes and Their Characteristics
- Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles and a defined nucleus.
- Ribosomes in microbial cells synthesize proteins essential for cellular functions.
Cell Lineages and Elements
- The three major cell lineages (domains) are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share common elements like membranes and genetic materials.
Historical Discoveries in Microbiology
- Edward Jenner discovered cross-immunity to smallpox through vaccination with cowpox.
- Robert Koch established a link between bacteria and diseases like anthrax after isolating them from infected animals.
- Pasteur developed a vaccine for rabies in 1885.
Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles
- Ruminants host a microbial ecosystem in their digestive chambers, aiding in cellulose digestion.
- Methanogens in anaerobic environments produce methane, a significant component of the Earth's carbon cycle.
Enrichment Culture Technique
- Developed by a microbiologist to isolate specific microorganisms from mixed communities.
Major Carbon and Nitrogen Reservoirs
- Microbial communities significantly contribute to the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Earth's ecosystems.
Food Industry and Preservation Methods
- Fermentation processes utilize microorganisms to enhance food flavors and preserve food.
Microbial Research and Observations
- Louis Pasteur's work disproved spontaneous generation and highlighted the role of microorganisms in fermentation.
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens microscope to observe unicellular organisms, paving the way for microbiology.
- Robert Hooke published "Micrographia" in 1665, marking significant advancements in microscopy.
Unique Microbial Adaptations
- Certain bacteria thrive in extreme conditions, including high pressure and extreme temperatures.
Importance of GI Microbiome
- The gastrointestinal (GI) microbio plays a crucial role in digestion and metabolism, particularly in breaking down cellulose.
Concepts in Microbiology
- A pure culture consists of a single microorganism type, crucial for studying specific microbial properties.
- The term "pathogen" describes bacteria and viruses that cause diseases.
Origin of Anaerobic Organisms
- Cyanobacteria were among the first organisms to utilize oxygen, influencing the evolution of life on Earth.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the origin of domains and the determination of phylogenies in this quiz. Explore the concept of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) and the three major cell lineages: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Learn about the evolutionary relationships between these domains and discover how phylogenies are determined.
