Doha Zeadeh Master Horizons and Layers Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Match the following with the correct description for subordinate distinctions in the O horizon:

Slightly decomposed organic material = Used with O horizons with a rubbed fiber content of 40% or more by volume Intermediate decomposition = Used with O horizons with rubbed fiber content of 17 to 40% by volume Highly decomposed organic material = Used with the O master horizon with a rubbed fiber content of less than 17% by volume Tillage or other cultivation disturbance = Plowed organic soil material

Match the following with the correct description for subordinate distinctions in the A horizon:

Slightly decomposed organic material = Used with A horizons with a rubbed fiber content of 40% or more by volume Intermediate decomposition = Used with A horizons with rubbed fiber content of 17 to 40% by volume Highly decomposed organic material = Used with the A master horizon with a rubbed fiber content of less than 17% by volume Tillage or other cultivation disturbance = Plowed organic soil material

Match the following with the correct description for subordinate distinctions in the L horizon:

Coprogenous earth = A limnic layer of coprogenous earth. Used only with L Diatomaceous earth = A limnic layer of diatomaceous earth. Used only with L Marl = Indicates a limnic layer of marl. Used only with L Highly decomposed organic material = Used with the L master horizon with a rubbed fiber content of less than 17% by volume

Match the following symbols with their indications:

<p>f = Frozen soil or water ff = Dry permafrost ss = Presence of slickensides u = Presence of human-manufactured materials (artifacts)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symbols with their meanings:

<p>n = Accumulation of exchangeable sodium t = Usually used in B horizons b = Indicates a buried horizon g = Indicates strongly gleyed horizons with dominant colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their corresponding symbols:

<p>Indicates a horizon that is continually colder than 0°C and not cemented by ice. = ff Formed by shear failure as clay minerals swell upon wetting. = ss Used for horizons or layers containing permanent ice. = f Presence of processed wood products, bricks, glass, asphalt, and plastic. = u</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following notes with their corresponding symbols:

<p>Used in any master horizon to indicate an accumulation of exchangeable sodium. = n Indicates a buried mineral soil horizon. = b Not used in materials with low chroma and no evidence of saturation or wetness history. = g Usually used in B horizons but may be used in C and R layers. = t</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their descriptions:

  1. Subordinate distinction in O horizon

<p>Tillage or other cultivation disturbance = Used with A mineral horizon, even if the materials mixed by the cultivation are from an E, B, or C horizon Accumulation of silicate clay = Indicates accumulation of clay, either formed within the horizon and subsequently moved within the horizon or moved by illuviation into the horizon Development of color and structure = Used with B horizons that have developed color, usually redder than the A or C materials, or soil structure, but do not have apparent illuvial accumulations Engulfment of horizon by secondary carbonates = Used with B horizons when the horizon fabric is plugged with pedogenic calcium carbonate (50% or more by volume)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their descriptions:

  1. Subordinate distinction in A horizon

<p>Tillage or other cultivation disturbance = Used with A mineral horizon, even if the materials mixed by the cultivation are from an E, B, or C horizon Accumulation of silicate clay = Indicates accumulation of clay, either formed within the horizon and subsequently moved within the horizon or moved by illuviation into the horizon Development of color and structure = This symbol is used with B horizons that have developed color, usually redder than the A or C materials, or soil structure, but do not have apparent illuvial accumulations Illuvial accumulation of amorphous, dispersible organic matter-sesquioxide complexes = The sesquioxides are dominated by aluminum but are present in very small quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their descriptions:

  1. Subordinate distinction in L horizon

<p>Tillage or other cultivation disturbance = Used with A mineral horizon, even if the materials mixed by the cultivation are from an E, B, or C horizon Accumulation of silicate clay = Indicates accumulation of clay, either formed within the horizon and subsequently moved within the horizon or moved by illuviation into the horizon Development of color and structure = This symbol is used with B horizons that have developed color, usually redder than the A or C materials, or soil structure, but do not have apparent illuvial accumulations Illuvial accumulation of amorphous, dispersible organic matter-sesquioxide complexes = The sesquioxides are dominated by aluminum but are present in very small quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their descriptions:

  1. Subordinate distinction in O horizon

<p>Tillage or other cultivation disturbance = Used with A mineral horizon, even if the materials mixed by the cultivation are from an E, B, or C horizon Accumulation of silicate clay = Indicates accumulation of clay, either formed within the horizon and subsequently moved within the horizon or moved by illuviation into the horizon Development of color and structure = This symbol is used with B horizons that have developed color, usually redder than the A or C materials, or soil structure, but do not have apparent illuvial accumulations Illuvial accumulation of amorphous, dispersible organic matter-sesquioxide complexes = The sesquioxides are dominated by aluminum but are present in very small quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their descriptions:

  1. Subordinate distinction in A horizon

<p>Tillage or other cultivation disturbance = Used with A mineral horizon, even if the materials mixed by the cultivation are from an E, B, or C horizon Accumulation of silicate clay = Indicates accumulation of clay, either formed within the horizon and subsequently moved within the horizon or moved by illuviation into the horizon Development of color and structure = This symbol is used with B horizons that have developed color, usually redder than the A or C materials, or soil structure, but do not have apparent illuvial accumulations Illuvial accumulation of amorphous, dispersible organic matter-sesquioxide complexes = The sesquioxides are dominated by aluminum but are present in very small quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their descriptions:

  1. Subordinate distinction in L horizon

<p>Tillage or other cultivation disturbance = Used with A mineral horizon, even if the materials mixed by the cultivation are from an E, B, or C horizon Accumulation of silicate clay = Indicates accumulation of clay, either formed within the horizon and subsequently moved within the horizon or moved by illuviation into the horizon Development of color and structure = This symbol is used with B horizons that have developed color, usually redder than the A or C materials, or soil structure, but do not have apparent illuvial accumulations Illuvial accumulation of amorphous, dispersible organic matter-sesquioxide complexes = The sesquioxides are dominated by aluminum but are present in very small quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Subordinate Distinctions in Soil Horizons

  • Subordinate distinctions in the O horizon typically refer to organic layers composed primarily of decomposed organic matter.
  • A horizon subordinate distinctions involve topsoil, crucial for plant growth; it is generally rich in organic material and nutrients.
  • L horizon distinctions deal with litter layers, which include freshly fallen leaves and decomposing organic matter.

Identification of Symbols

  • Understanding the various soil symbols is essential for accurate soil interpretation; symbols represent different soil characteristics and conditions.
  • Symbols are standardized to indicate distinct aspects such as texture, structure, and moisture levels in soil profiles.

Symbol Meanings and Descriptions

  • Each symbol carries a specific meaning relevant to soil characteristics like compaction, drainage, and organic material presence.
  • Correct interpretation of symbols aids in soil management practices and environmental assessments.

Practical Applications

  • Knowledge of subordinate distinctions and symbols assists in agronomy, ecology, and land use planning.
  • Proper matching of descriptions, symbols, and their meanings ensures clear communication in soil science and related fields.

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Test your knowledge on the subordinate distinctions within master horizons and layers as outlined in Doha Zeadeh, covering topics such as tillage or other cultivation disturbance and accumulation of silicate clay.

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