DNA vs. RNA Flashcards

DNA Characteristics

• Structured as a double helix, providing a stable and compact form.
• Composed of deoxyribose sugar, distinguishing it from RNA.
• Remains located within the nucleus of the cell, where it serves as the repository of genetic information.
• Responsible for storing and providing the genetic code necessary for heredity and cellular function.
• Contains the nitrogenous base thymine, which pairs with adenine during DNA replication.
• Exists as a double-stranded molecule, enhancing its structural integrity and stability.

RNA Characteristics

• Functions to "read" and translate the genetic code from DNA into proteins.
• Structured as a single-stranded molecule, allowing it to travel and interact with ribosomes easily.
• Composed of ribose sugar, differentiating it from DNA's deoxyribose.
• Has the ability to leave the nucleus after being synthesized, taking genetic instructions to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
• Plays a crucial role in the translation process, where messenger RNA (mRNA) is converted into proteins.
• Attaches to ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis within the cell.
• Includes three main types: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
• Contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine, which pairs with adenine during RNA pairing.

Similarities between DNA and RNA

• Both are composed of nucleotides, the building blocks of nucleic acids.
• Include the nitrogenous base adenine, which pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA.
• Contain the nitrogenous base guanine, which pairs with cytosine in both types of nucleic acids.
• Share the nitrogenous base cytosine, a common component involved in the genetic coding process.
• Both are essential in the process of transcription, where DNA is copied into RNA for further protein synthesis.
• Classified as nucleic acids, highlighting their role in genetic information storage and transfer.

This quiz explores the key differences and similarities between DNA and RNA through flashcards. Each card provides essential definitions and characteristics, allowing for a better understanding of these crucial molecules in genetics.