52 Questions
What is the characteristic shape of the DNA molecule of poxviruses?
Linear with hairpins at either end
Where do poxviruses multiply in the host cell?
Cytoplasm
What is the name of the virus that causes smallpox?
Variola major
Why was routine vaccination for smallpox ended in the U.S. in 1972?
The disease was eradicated
What is the characteristic of the lesion caused by Molluscum contagiosum?
Small, painless, pearly papules with a central depression
How is Molluscum contagiosum typically transmitted?
Through direct contact and fomites
What is the typical duration for the disappearance of papules in a self-limited infection?
6-12 months
How is monkeypox typically transmitted?
By direct contact with lesions or contaminated surfaces
What is the characteristic of the lesions in monkeypox?
They are firm or rubbery, well-circumscribed, and deep-seated
What is the estimated fatality rate of monkeypox?
< 0.05%
What is the purpose of the Vaccinia virus (ACAM2000)?
To vaccinate against smallpox
What is the mechanism of action of Tecovirimat?
It inhibits virus assembly and release
What is characteristic of herpesviruses?
They show latency and cause recurrent infections
What is the typical route of transmission for HSV-2?
Through sexual contact or birth
What is the estimated prevalence of HSV-1 infection in the Americas?
40-50%
What is the difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2 in terms of disease manifestation?
HSV-1 causes disease above the waist, HSV-2 below the waist
What is the primary risk associated with chronic HBV infection?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What is the purpose of post-exposure prophylaxis with anti-HB immunoglobulin?
To prevent HBV infection in persons exposed or possibly exposed
What is the typical mode of diagnosis for HBV infection?
Clinical symptoms and elevated liver enzymes
What is the characteristic rash associated with Fifth disease?
Slapped-cheek rash
What is the consequence of Parvovirus B19 infection in a seronegative mother?
Hydrops fetalis
What is the purpose of vaccination against HBV?
To prevent HBV infection in high-risk individuals
What is the typical duration of the incubation period of airborne varicella infection?
14 days
What is the characteristic of the rash in chickenpox?
Itchy and vesicular
What is the risk of developing multiple sclerosis after EBV infection according to a longitudinal study of US military?
32-fold
What is the term for the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus?
Shingles
What is the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma based on?
Serological assays and differential blood count
What is the complication of shingles that involves persistent pain at the rash site after resolution?
Postherpetic neuralgia
What is the vaccine recommended for everyone to prevent varicella?
Varicella (Zostavax)
What is the treatment for disseminated disease caused by EBV infection?
All of the above
What is the primary mode of transmission of HHV-6 and HHV-7?
Close contact with infected secretions
What is the characteristic of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in newborns?
Enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, capillary bleeding, microcephaly, and ocular inflammation
What is the disease associated with HHV-8 infection?
Kaposi sarcoma
What is the drug of choice for treating immunocompromised patients with CMV infection?
Ganciclovir
What is the primary mechanism of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transmission?
Body fluids, especially saliva
What is the primary target of HHV-8 infection?
B cells
What is the characteristic of EBV infection in immunocompetent individuals?
Asymptomatic
What is the function of the reverse transcriptase encoded by the HBV genome?
Synthesis of (-) sense ssDNA
What is the average incubation period of HBV infection?
90 days
What is the association of EBV with a type of cancer?
All of the above
How infectious is HBV compared to HIV?
100x more infectious
What is the outcome of HBV infection in most individuals?
Asymptomatic infection with eventual development of immunity
What is the primary source of transmission for genital herpes?
Active lesions
Where does the virus establish latent infection in the case of HSV-1?
Innervating neurons of the trigeminal ganglia
What is the primary function of CD8 T-cells and γ-interferon in the context of Herpes Simplex Virus?
Maintaining latency
What is the typical symptom of herpetic keratitis?
Gritty feeling in the eye
What is the preferred method of diagnosis for Herpes Simplex Virus?
PCR of lesions, CSF or blood
What is the mechanism of action of Acyclovir against Herpes Simplex Virus?
Inhibiting HSV viral polymerase as a competitor of dGTP
What is the typical characteristic of recurrent Herpes Simplex infections?
Decreasing severity with each recurrence
What is the primary complication of Herpes Simplex Virus in newborns?
Disseminated disease
What is the typical mode of transmission of Varicella-Zoster Virus?
Aerosolized virus and respiratory droplets
What is the characteristic of herpetic whitlow and gladiatorum?
Painful and itchy
Test your knowledge on DNA viruses, specifically Poxviruses, including their structure, replication, and effects on human skin. Learn about the different types of human pox viruses and their genome.
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