DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and their Characteristics

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What is the characteristic shape of the DNA molecule of poxviruses?

Helical

Branching

Circular

Linear with hairpins at either end (correct)

Where do poxviruses multiply in the host cell?

Golgi apparatus

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Cytoplasm (correct)

What is the name of the virus that causes smallpox?

Variola minor

Molluscum contagiosum virus

Orthopoxvirus

Variola major (correct)

Why was routine vaccination for smallpox ended in the U.S. in 1972?

The disease was eradicated Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lesion caused by Molluscum contagiosum?

Small, painless, pearly papules with a central depression Signup and view all the answers

How is Molluscum contagiosum typically transmitted?

Through direct contact and fomites Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration for the disappearance of papules in a self-limited infection?

6-12 months Signup and view all the answers

How is monkeypox typically transmitted?

By direct contact with lesions or contaminated surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lesions in monkeypox?

They are firm or rubbery, well-circumscribed, and deep-seated Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated fatality rate of monkeypox?

< 0.05% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Vaccinia virus (ACAM2000)?

To vaccinate against smallpox Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Tecovirimat?

It inhibits virus assembly and release Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of herpesviruses?

They show latency and cause recurrent infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical route of transmission for HSV-2?

Through sexual contact or birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of HSV-1 infection in the Americas?

40-50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2 in terms of disease manifestation?

HSV-1 causes disease above the waist, HSV-2 below the waist Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with chronic HBV infection?

Hepatocellular carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of post-exposure prophylaxis with anti-HB immunoglobulin?

To prevent HBV infection in persons exposed or possibly exposed Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical mode of diagnosis for HBV infection?

Clinical symptoms and elevated liver enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic rash associated with Fifth disease?

Slapped-cheek rash Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Parvovirus B19 infection in a seronegative mother?

Hydrops fetalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vaccination against HBV?

To prevent HBV infection in high-risk individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the incubation period of airborne varicella infection?

14 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the rash in chickenpox?

Itchy and vesicular Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of developing multiple sclerosis after EBV infection according to a longitudinal study of US military?

32-fold Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus?

Shingles Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma based on?

Serological assays and differential blood count Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of shingles that involves persistent pain at the rash site after resolution?

Postherpetic neuralgia Signup and view all the answers

What is the vaccine recommended for everyone to prevent varicella?

Varicella (Zostavax) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for disseminated disease caused by EBV infection?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of HHV-6 and HHV-7?

Close contact with infected secretions Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in newborns?

Enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, capillary bleeding, microcephaly, and ocular inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease associated with HHV-8 infection?

Kaposi sarcoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for treating immunocompromised patients with CMV infection?

Ganciclovir Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transmission?

Body fluids, especially saliva Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of HHV-8 infection?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of EBV infection in immunocompetent individuals?

Asymptomatic Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the reverse transcriptase encoded by the HBV genome?

Synthesis of (-) sense ssDNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the average incubation period of HBV infection?

90 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the association of EBV with a type of cancer?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How infectious is HBV compared to HIV?

100x more infectious Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of HBV infection in most individuals?

Asymptomatic infection with eventual development of immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of transmission for genital herpes?

Active lesions Signup and view all the answers

Where does the virus establish latent infection in the case of HSV-1?

Innervating neurons of the trigeminal ganglia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CD8 T-cells and γ-interferon in the context of Herpes Simplex Virus?

Maintaining latency Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical symptom of herpetic keratitis?

Gritty feeling in the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of diagnosis for Herpes Simplex Virus?

PCR of lesions, CSF or blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Acyclovir against Herpes Simplex Virus?

Inhibiting HSV viral polymerase as a competitor of dGTP Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical characteristic of recurrent Herpes Simplex infections?

Decreasing severity with each recurrence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of Herpes Simplex Virus in newborns?

Disseminated disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical mode of transmission of Varicella-Zoster Virus?

Aerosolized virus and respiratory droplets Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of herpetic whitlow and gladiatorum?

Painful and itchy Signup and view all the answers