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Questions and Answers
Poxvirus is the smallest DNA virus known.
Poxvirus is the smallest DNA virus known.
False
Papillomavirus has a double stranded circular DNA structure.
Papillomavirus has a double stranded circular DNA structure.
True
Hepadnavirus contains reverse transcriptase and is considered a retrovirus.
Hepadnavirus contains reverse transcriptase and is considered a retrovirus.
False
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except for herpesviruses.
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except for herpesviruses.
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Adenovirus is a non-envelope virus that can cause pink eye.
Adenovirus is a non-envelope virus that can cause pink eye.
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The B19 virus is associated with 'slapped cheek' rash in children.
The B19 virus is associated with 'slapped cheek' rash in children.
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Both the BK virus and JC virus are types of adenoviruses.
Both the BK virus and JC virus are types of adenoviruses.
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Molluscum contagiosum is associated with flesh-colored papules containing molluscum bodies.
Molluscum contagiosum is associated with flesh-colored papules containing molluscum bodies.
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The Poxvirus is the largest DNA virus known.
The Poxvirus is the largest DNA virus known.
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Parvovirus is classified as a double-stranded circular DNA virus.
Parvovirus is classified as a double-stranded circular DNA virus.
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Adenovirus can lead to conditions such as febrile pharyngitis and pneumonia.
Adenovirus can lead to conditions such as febrile pharyngitis and pneumonia.
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Human Polyomavirus 1 is also known as the JC virus.
Human Polyomavirus 1 is also known as the JC virus.
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Hepadnavirus has a partially double-stranded circular DNA structure.
Hepadnavirus has a partially double-stranded circular DNA structure.
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Papillomavirus primarily causes respiratory illnesses.
Papillomavirus primarily causes respiratory illnesses.
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All DNA viruses are known to replicate in the nucleus.
All DNA viruses are known to replicate in the nucleus.
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The B19 virus leads to pure RBC aplasia and can cause symptoms similar to rheumatoid arthritis in adults.
The B19 virus leads to pure RBC aplasia and can cause symptoms similar to rheumatoid arthritis in adults.
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Parvovirus is the largest DNA virus known.
Parvovirus is the largest DNA virus known.
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Hepadnavirus has a double-stranded circular DNA structure.
Hepadnavirus has a double-stranded circular DNA structure.
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Molluscum contagiosum appears as flesh-colored papules with a central umbilication.
Molluscum contagiosum appears as flesh-colored papules with a central umbilication.
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All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus.
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus.
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Adenovirus is classified as an envelope virus.
Adenovirus is classified as an envelope virus.
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The B19 virus is known for causing erythema infectiosum in children.
The B19 virus is known for causing erythema infectiosum in children.
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Human Polyomavirus 2 (JC virus) primarily targets the kidney.
Human Polyomavirus 2 (JC virus) primarily targets the kidney.
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Papillomavirus is known to primarily cause warts and certain types of cancer.
Papillomavirus is known to primarily cause warts and certain types of cancer.
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Study Notes
DNA Viruses
- DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus of the host cell, with the exception of poxvirus, which carries its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and replicates in the cytoplasm.
- Poxvirus is the largest DNA virus.
- Parvovirus is the smallest DNA virus.
-
Herpesviruses
- Are enveloped viruses with double-stranded linear DNA.
-
Poxvirus
- Are enveloped viruses with the largest DNA genome, which is double-stranded linear.
- Cause smallpox, molluscum contagiosum.
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Hepadnaviruses
- Are enveloped viruses with partially double-stranded circular DNA.
- Cause hepatitis B.
- Have a unique feature of having reverse transcriptase, which allows them to convert RNA into DNA after infecting a cell.
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Adenoviruses
- Are non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded linear DNA.
- Cause febrile pharyngitis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and myocarditis.
-
Papillomaviruses
- Are non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded circular DNA.
- Cause warts and cancer, including cervical, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancer.
- Different serotypes are associated with different diseases:
- Serotypes 1, 2, 6, and 11 are associated with warts.
- Serotypes 16 and 18 are associated with cancer.
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Polyomaviruses
- Are non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded circular DNA.
- Include BK virus and JC virus.
- BK virus commonly targets the kidneys and is associated with transplant patients.
- JC virus causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised individuals, such as HIV patients.
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Parvoviruses
- Are non-enveloped viruses with the smallest DNA genome, which is single-stranded linear.
- Cause fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) in children, characterized by a "slapped cheek" rash.
- Can cause aplastic crises in people with sickle cell disease.
- Can lead to hydrops fetalis and death in the fetus.
- Cause pure red blood cell aplasia.
- Can cause rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in adults.
DNA Viruses Overview
- All DNA viruses except poxviruses replicate in the host cell nucleus
- Poxviruses are large, enveloped viruses that contain their own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase for replication
- Poxviruses replicate in the cytoplasm, as they carry their own enzymes needed for replication
Herpesviruses
- Enveloped viruses with double-stranded linear DNA
- Cause a range of diseases including herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Poxviruses
- Largest DNA viruses
- Have a double-stranded linear DNA genome
- Responsible for smallpox, which is now eradicated by the use of the live attenuated vaccine Cowpox (milkmaid blisters)
- Also responsible for Molluscum Contagiosum, causing flesh-colored papules with central umbilication.
- Replication occurs in the cytoplasm since poxviruses carry their own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Hepadnavirus
- Enveloped viruses with a partially double-stranded circular DNA genome
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of this family and causes acute or chronic hepatitis.
- HBV is not a retrovirus but possesses reverse transcriptase, allowing for reverse transcription from RNA to DNA after infecting the host cell.
Adenovirus
- Non-enveloped viruses with double-stranded linear DNA
- Cause a range of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections including: febrile pharyngitis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis (“pink eye”), gastroenteritis, and myocarditis
Papillomavirus
- Non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded circular DNA genome
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a member of this family and is associated with:
- Warts
- Various cancers, including cervical, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers.
- Different HPV serotypes are linked to specific diseases, such as serotypes 1, 2, 6, and 11 for warts, and serotypes 16 and 18 for cancers.
Polyomavirus
- Non-enveloped viruses with a double-stranded circular DNA genome
- Human polyomavirus 1 (BK virus) commonly targets the kidneys, especially in transplant patients.
- Human polyomavirus 2 (JC virus) is associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV.
Parvovirus
- Smallest DNA viruses
- Non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded linear DNA genome
- B19 virus is the most common member of this family, and it causes various diseases, including:
- Aplastic crises in individuals with sickle cell disease
- “Slapped cheek” rash in children (erythema infectiosum or fifth disease)
- Hydrops fetalis and death in the fetus due to RBC destruction and infection of RBC precursors and endothelial cells.
- Pure RBC aplasia
- Rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in adults.
DNA Viruses
- DNA viruses are categorized by their structure, envelope, and medical importance.
- Poxvirus is the largest DNA virus with a double-stranded linear DNA structure & has its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
- Parvovirus is the smallest DNA virus with a single-stranded linear DNA structure.
- Herpesviruses are enveloped with double-stranded linear DNA and are known for their latency and reactivation cycles.
- Hepadnaviruses are enveloped with partially double-stranded circular DNA and include hepatitis B virus (HBV).
- Adenoviruses are non-enveloped with double-stranded linear DNA and are known for causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and ocular infections.
- Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped with double-stranded circular DNA and are responsible for various skin lesions, including warts and cervical cancer.
- Polyomaviruses are non-enveloped with double-stranded circular DNA and include BK virus and JC virus, which primarily target the kidney and the central nervous system, respectively.
- All DNA viruses replicate within the nucleus except for poxvirus, which replicates in the cytoplasm.
- Poxviruses are responsible for diseases like smallpox, which has been eradicated, and molluscum contagiosum.
- Hepatitis B virus is associated with acute or chronic liver inflammation.
- Parvovirus B19 is responsible for fifth disease, aplastic crises in sickle cell patients, and hydrops fetalis in fetuses.
- HPV serotypes 1, 2, 6, and 11 are associated with warts, while serotypes 16 and 18 are associated with cancer.
- BK virus is known to affect transplant patients, while JC virus can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised individuals.
Herpesviruses
- Herpesvirus family is comprised of eight viruses: herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)
- HSV-1 causes oral herpes and HSV-2 causes genital herpes.
- VZV causes chickenpox in childhood and shingles in adulthood.
- EBV causes infectious mononucleosis.
- CMV is a common human pathogen that can cause serious infections in immunocompromised individuals.
- HHV-6 and HHV-7 are associated with roseola infantum, a common childhood illness.
- KSHV is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer that affects the skin, lymph nodes, and internal organs.
- Herpesviruses have a unique ability to establish latency within the host and reactivate later, leading to recurrent infections or disease.
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Description
Exploring various types of DNA viruses, this quiz covers their characteristics, replication mechanisms, and associated diseases. Dive into the details about poxvirus, herpesviruses, hepadnaviruses, adenoviruses, and papillomaviruses, and test your knowledge on these fascinating pathogens.
