DNA Transcription Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the key learning outcome of the topic 'Basics of transcription and bursting'?

  • Understanding the steps involved from DNA to mature mRNA (correct)
  • Measuring transcription output using gel techniques
  • Defining key transcription terms
  • Understanding the dynamics of DNA replication

Which technique is used to measure transcription output and is based on reverse transcription?

  • Gel electrophoresis
  • RT-PCR (correct)
  • Northern blot
  • RNA-seq

What do all these techniques (Northern blot, RT-PCR, RNA-seq) have in common?

  • They are based on gel electrophoresis
  • They are population-based rather than single cell (correct)
  • They provide single cell readouts of transcription
  • They measure DNA replication

Which technique suffers from low sequencing depth due to low RNA amount per cell?

<p>Single cell RNA seq (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strand of DNA can be used for transcription depending on where the gene body is located?

<p>Both strands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the process by which viruses can transcribe their RNA back into DNA?

<p>Reverse transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What removes intronic regions and enables a variety of protein isoforms to be made from a single gene?

<p>Splicing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complex facilitates the process of splicing?

<p>Splicesome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of U2 in the splicing process?

<p>Enables the removal of intronic regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of over 2,000,000 proteins in our body despite having only approximately 20,000 protein coding genes in our genome?

<p>Alternative splicing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause transcription deregulation, contributing to cancer?

<p>Mutations in signalling pathways that regulate transcriptional control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be targeted in cancer therapy to address deregulated splicing?

<p>Small molecule compounds modulating the activity of splicing factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of targeting transcriptional regulators is mentioned as a potential approach for achieving comprehensive tumor control?

<p>'By directly targeting the expression of transcriptional regulators in cancer' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) serve in cancer therapy?

<p>'Function similarly to snRNAs' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to produce an in-frame coding mRNA?

<p>Splicing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be targeted to achieve more comprehensive tumor control in cancer therapy?

<p>'Targeting de-regulated splicing via antisense oligonucleotides (AONs)' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process removes intronic regions and stabilizes the pre-mRNA molecule?

<p>Splicing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the production of over 2,000,000 proteins from approximately 20,000 protein coding genes in our genome?

<p>Alternative splicing regulated by TREs acting on CREs on the pre-mRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Enhancers in transcription regulation?

<p>They bring distant enhancers close to the coding region through DNA folding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for creating the transcription bubble during initiation of DNA transcription?

<p>DNA helicase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PAF1 in transcription elongation?

<p>Enhances gene transcription through methylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when RNA polymerase II reaches the 3' UTR during transcription termination?

<p>Polyadenylation sequence and AAUAAA are transcribed at the 3' end of the mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of polyadenylation in transcription termination?

<p>Recruit polyA binding proteins (PAB) to stabilize pre-mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does higher order genome organization into chromatin structure affect gene transcription?

<p>It alters histone modifications and chromatin remodeling complexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of NURF during transcription elongation?

<p>Remodel the histones so RNA polymerase can pass through (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TFIIH in transcription initiation?

<p>Unwinds the DNA with its helicase activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Euchromatin vs heterochromatin" is associated with:

<ul> <li>Distinct chromosomal regions with different levels of gene expression (A)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

"In vivo regulation of each gene is tightly controlled by CREs and TREs". This statement implies that:

<ul> <li>Transcription regulation at the individual gene level is highly precise and controlled (D)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What does P-TEFb do during transcription elongation?

<ul> <li>Drives the direction of RNA pol II by binding to it (B)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

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