Podcast
Questions and Answers
Describe the role of mRNA in translation.
Describe the role of mRNA in translation.
mRNA attaches to a ribosome in translation. Transfer RNA (tRNA) collects amino acids from the cytoplasm and carries them to the ribosome. tRNA is a single-stranded molecule with a binding site at one end, allowing it to carry one type of amino acid, and a triplet of bases (anticodon) at the other end. tRNA attaches to mRNA, and the amino acids attached to two tRNA molecules join by a peptide bond. The tRNA molecules then detach themselves from the amino acids, leaving them behind.
Explain the process of DNA transcription.
Explain the process of DNA transcription.
DNA transcription is the process where DNA is unzipped by DNA hydrolase. One DNA strand, known as the antisense strand, acts as a template. As RNA polymerase moves along, nucleotides join with their complementary parts via phosphodiester bonds. In eukaryotic cells, the pre-mRNA is spliced to remove introns, leaving only exons. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome.
What happens during splicing in eukaryotic cells?
What happens during splicing in eukaryotic cells?
During splicing in eukaryotic cells, the pre-mRNA is processed to remove introns. This leaves behind only the exons, which form the mature mRNA. Splicing ensures that the genetic information in the mRNA is only composed of coding sequences.
What are the roles of DNA hydrolase and RNA polymerase in DNA transcription?
What are the roles of DNA hydrolase and RNA polymerase in DNA transcription?
Signup and view all the answers
Explain the process of translation in detail.
Explain the process of translation in detail.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Transcription and Translation
Role of mRNA in Translation
- mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis
- Acts as a template for protein synthesis during translation
DNA Transcription
- Process where genetic information in DNA is copied into a complementary RNA molecule
- Occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
- Initiates when an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to the DNA molecule
- RNA polymerase reads the DNA template and matches the incoming nucleotides to the base pairing rules (A-T and G-C)
- A complementary RNA molecule is formed, and the process is terminated when the transcription is complete
Splicing in Eukaryotic Cells
- Process where introns (non-coding regions) are removed from the primary transcript (pre-mRNA)
- Exons (coding regions) are joined together to form a mature mRNA
- Occurs in the nucleus after transcription and before translation
- Essential for the expression of eukaryotic genes
Roles of DNA Hydrolase and RNA Polymerase
- DNA hydrolase (also known as helicase): unwinds the DNA double helix during transcription
- RNA polymerase: reads the DNA template, matches nucleotides, and forms a complementary RNA molecule
Translation Process
- Occurs in the cytoplasm, where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain
- Initiates when the small subunit of the ribosome binds to the mRNA
- Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules
- Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids as the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence
- Translation termination occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon
- The completed polypeptide chain is then released and can undergo further modifications
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of DNA transcription and RNA processing with this quiz! Learn about DNA hydrolase, antisense strands, phosphodiester bonds, splicing of pre-mRNA, and the movement of mRNA out of the nucleus.
