DNA Transcription and RNA Processing Quiz

mRNA attaches to a ribosome in translation. Transfer RNA (tRNA) collects amino acids from the cytoplasm and carries them to the ribosome. tRNA is a single-stranded molecule with a binding site at one end, allowing it to carry one type of amino acid, and a triplet of bases (anticodon) at the other end. tRNA attaches to mRNA, and the amino acids attached to two tRNA molecules join by a peptide bond. The tRNA molecules then detach themselves from the amino acids, leaving them behind.

DNA transcription is the process where DNA is unzipped by DNA hydrolase. One DNA strand, known as the antisense strand, acts as a template. As RNA polymerase moves along, nucleotides join with their complementary parts via phosphodiester bonds. In eukaryotic cells, the pre-mRNA is spliced to remove introns, leaving only exons. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome.

During splicing in eukaryotic cells, the pre-mRNA is processed to remove introns. This leaves behind only the exons, which form the mature mRNA. Splicing ensures that the genetic information in the mRNA is only composed of coding sequences.

DNA hydrolase is responsible for unzipping the DNA during transcription. It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the DNA strands. RNA polymerase is the enzyme that moves along the DNA template strand and catalyzes the formation of a complementary RNA strand by joining nucleotides via phosphodiester bonds.

Translation begins with mRNA attaching to a ribosome. Transfer RNA (tRNA) collects amino acids from the cytoplasm and carries them to the ribosome. tRNA attaches to mRNA through its anticodon, which binds to the complementary codon on mRNA. The amino acids attached to two tRNA molecules join by a peptide bond, forming a polypeptide chain. The tRNA molecules then detach from the amino acids, leaving them behind. This process continues until a stop codon is reached on the mRNA.