Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which molecule makes up the sides of a DNA molecule?
Which molecule makes up the sides of a DNA molecule?
- Deoxyribose
- Phosphate group (correct)
- Ribose
- Nitrogenous base
How many deoxyribonucleotides make up DNA?
How many deoxyribonucleotides make up DNA?
- 2
- 4 (correct)
- 5
- 3
What are the major and minor grooves of DNA?
What are the major and minor grooves of DNA?
- Structural features that play a role in DNA replication
- Structural features formed by the arrangement of nitrogenous bases
- Structural features that allow DNA binding proteins to attach (correct)
- Structural features formed by the arrangement of sugar and phosphate backbones
Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?
Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?
What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication?
What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication?
What does DNA stand for?
What does DNA stand for?
How many base pairs are in a full turn or twist of a DNA molecule?
How many base pairs are in a full turn or twist of a DNA molecule?
Which enzyme relieves the buildup of torque while unwinding the DNA double helix?
Which enzyme relieves the buildup of torque while unwinding the DNA double helix?
Which enzyme replaces RNA primers with DNA during DNA replication?
Which enzyme replaces RNA primers with DNA during DNA replication?
What are the building blocks of DNA?
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Which type of modification involves the addition of a phosphate group to a protein?
Which type of modification involves the addition of a phosphate group to a protein?
Which amino acid residues are involved in modification?
Which amino acid residues are involved in modification?
What is the 'histone code' hypothesis?
What is the 'histone code' hypothesis?
What is epigenetic inheritance?
What is epigenetic inheritance?
Do prokaryotes have histones?
Do prokaryotes have histones?
How many types of histones are there in eukaryotes?
How many types of histones are there in eukaryotes?
What is the function of telomerase?
What is the function of telomerase?
What are LINES and SINES?
What are LINES and SINES?
What is the most abundant repetitive element in the human genome?
What is the most abundant repetitive element in the human genome?
What is the function of a chromatin remodeling complex?
What is the function of a chromatin remodeling complex?
Which enzyme uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to separate the two strands of DNA during replication?
Which enzyme uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to separate the two strands of DNA during replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
How many DNA polymerases are found in E. coli?
How many DNA polymerases are found in E. coli?
What are the functions of topoisomerases?
What are the functions of topoisomerases?
What is the role of a single strand DNA-binding protein in DNA replication?
What is the role of a single strand DNA-binding protein in DNA replication?
What is the average length of Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes?
What is the average length of Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes?
In which direction is DNA synthesis always synthesized?
In which direction is DNA synthesis always synthesized?
What is the function of Primase in DNA replication?
What is the function of Primase in DNA replication?
What is the proofreading function of DNA polymerase?
What is the proofreading function of DNA polymerase?
What are the differences and similarities of DNA replication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
What are the differences and similarities of DNA replication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
Which enzyme relieves the buildup of torque while unwinding the DNA double helix?
Which enzyme relieves the buildup of torque while unwinding the DNA double helix?
What are the major and minor grooves of DNA?
What are the major and minor grooves of DNA?
What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication?
What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication?
What makes up the sides of a DNA molecule?
What makes up the sides of a DNA molecule?
How many base pairs are in a full turn or twist of a DNA molecule?
How many base pairs are in a full turn or twist of a DNA molecule?
What are the building blocks of DNA?
What are the building blocks of DNA?
What does DNA stand for?
What does DNA stand for?
Which of the following modifications involves the addition of a phosphate group to a protein?
Which of the following modifications involves the addition of a phosphate group to a protein?
Which of the following amino acid residues are involved in modification?
Which of the following amino acid residues are involved in modification?
How are histone modifications spread on a chromosome?
How are histone modifications spread on a chromosome?
What is the histone code hypothesis?
What is the histone code hypothesis?
What is epigenetic inheritance?
What is epigenetic inheritance?
Do prokaryotes have histones?
Do prokaryotes have histones?
How many types of histones are there in eukaryotes?
How many types of histones are there in eukaryotes?
What is telomerase?
What is telomerase?
What are LINES and SINES?
What are LINES and SINES?
What is the function of a chromatin remodeling complex?
What is the function of a chromatin remodeling complex?
Which enzyme uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to separate the two strands of nucleotides on DNA?
Which enzyme uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to separate the two strands of nucleotides on DNA?
What is the major enzyme involved in chromosome replication in E. coli?
What is the major enzyme involved in chromosome replication in E. coli?
What is the function of topoisomerases?
What is the function of topoisomerases?
What is the role of a single strand DNA-binding protein in DNA replication?
What is the role of a single strand DNA-binding protein in DNA replication?
What are Okazaki fragments?
What are Okazaki fragments?
What is the average length of Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes?
What is the average length of Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis?
What is the function of Primase in DNA replication?
What is the function of Primase in DNA replication?
What is the proofreading function of DNA polymerase?
What is the proofreading function of DNA polymerase?
What are the differences and similarities of DNA replication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
What are the differences and similarities of DNA replication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Study Notes
DNA Structure
- DNA molecule sides are made up of deoxyribonucleotides
- A full turn or twist of a DNA molecule contains 10 base pairs
- The major and minor grooves of DNA are formed due to the double helix structure
DNA Replication
- The first step that must occur in DNA replication is unwinding of the DNA double helix
- Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication
- The energy of ATP hydrolysis is used by helicase to separate the two strands of DNA
- Topoisomerase is the enzyme that relieves the buildup of torque while unwinding the DNA double helix
- Primase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers in DNA replication
- DNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the template strand
- The function of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication is to synthesize the leading strand continuously
- The function of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication is to repair and fill in gaps
- The proofreading function of DNA polymerase is to correct errors during DNA synthesis
DNA Components
- DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid
- The building blocks of DNA are deoxyribonucleotides
- Deoxyribonucleotides are made up of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases - A, C, G, and T
Epigenetic Inheritance
- The 'histone code' hypothesis proposes that histone modifications are a key component of epigenetic inheritance
- Epigenetic inheritance is the transmission of genetic information through mechanisms other than the DNA sequence
- Histone modifications involve the addition of a phosphate group to a protein
- Serine and threonine residues are involved in histone modifications
- Histone modifications are spread on a chromosome through the recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes
- Prokaryotes do not have histones, but eukaryotes have five main types of histones - H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4
Other Concepts
- Telomerase is the enzyme that adds repetitive sequences to the ends of chromosomes
- LINES and SINES are types of repetitive elements found in the human genome
- Chromatin remodeling complexes are enzymes that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to reorganize chromatin structure
- Single-strand DNA-binding proteins are involved in protecting single-stranded DNA during replication
- Okazaki fragments are short, discontinuous strands of DNA synthesized in the lagging strand during replication
- The average length of Okazaki fragments in prokaryotes is 1000-2000 nucleotides
- DNA synthesis always occurs in the 5' to 3' direction
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Description
Test your knowledge of DNA with this study guide quiz! Learn about the structure and composition of DNA, including the building blocks and their functions. Challenge yourself with questions on key concepts like the meaning of DNA and the components that make it up. Perfect for biology students and DNA enthusiasts!
