Questions and Answers
What type of sugar is found in DNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
What is the role of RNA during DNA replication?
Which direction does DNA polymerase add nucleotides during DNA synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of primase in DNA replication?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
DNA Structure and Function
- DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries genetic information.
- Its structure consists of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).
- Deoxyribose is the sugar component of DNA, contributing to its name.
DNA Replication Process
- Replication begins with unwinding the DNA double helix, a process facilitated by an enzyme known as helicase.
- Leading strand synthesis proceeds continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.
- RNA primase synthesizes a short RNA primer, allowing DNA polymerase to begin elongation of the new DNA strand.
Key Enzymes Involved
- Topoisomerase alleviates the strain ahead of the replication fork caused by unwinding.
- DNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
- RNAse degrades the RNA primers once DNA synthesis is underway, allowing for complete DNA strand formation.
Important Concepts
- The directionality of DNA strands is indicated as 5' to 3', a crucial factor during replication.
- Each strand of DNA serves as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand.
- Accurate DNA replication is critical for maintaining genetic consistency in cell division and organism growth.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of DNA, including its components and features. This quiz covers the basics of deoxyribonucleic acid and its significance in genetics. Perfect for students studying biology or related fields.
