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Questions and Answers
What significant shape did Watson and Crick discover in their DNA model?
In what year did Watson and Crick propose their DNA model?
What important concept does Watson and Crick's DNA model help explain?
Which of the following was NOT a component of Watson and Crick's DNA model?
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What feature of the double-helix model allows for the replication of DNA?
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Which of the following are nitrogenous bases classified as purines?
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Identify the nitrogenous bases that are classified as pyrimidines in DNA.
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What distinguishes purine bases from pyrimidine bases?
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Which combination of nitrogenous bases is exclusively found in RNA?
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Which of the following pairs correctly classify the nitrogen bases in nucleic acids?
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Study Notes
DNA Structure
- Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix shape of DNA in 1953.
- This structure helps explain how genetic information is passed from one generation to the next.
- DNA is made up of two strands of nucleotides.
- Nucleotides have three components:
- a sugar (deoxyribose)
- a phosphate group
- a nitrogenous base
- There are five kinds of nitrogenous bases:
- Adenine (A) - a purine found in both DNA & RNA.
- Guanine (G) - a purine found in both DNA & RNA.
- Cytosine (C) - a pyrimidine found in both DNA & RNA.
- Thymine (T) - a pyrimidine found only in DNA.
- Uracil (U) - a pyrimidine found only in RNA.
DNA Replication
- DNA replication occurs when a new strand of DNA is created from an original strand.
- It occurs semi-conservatively: One original strand serves as a template to create a new strand.
- When a DNA molecule is copied, one half of the original molecule is in each copy.
- DNA replication proceeds in two directions at many sites simultaneously.
- It begins at origins of replication.
- A codon is a sequence of 3 nucleotides.
- Each codon specifies a particular amino acid.
Protein Synthesis
- Protein synthesis is when information encoded in DNA is used to create proteins.
- It includes two main steps:
- Transcription: DNA is used to create messenger RNA (mRNA).
- Translation: mRNA interacts with ribosomes to make proteins.
- During translation, tRNA reads the mRNA codons and links corresponding amino acids together.
- The process starts when mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome.
- tRNA brings in amino acids that match the codons on the mRNA.
- Amino acids link together to form a growing protein chain.
- Once the protein is complete, the tRNA detaches and the mRNA can be used again.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of DNA and the process of DNA replication. Explore the components of nucleotides and how genetic information is passed down through generations. This quiz covers key concepts including the double-helix model and semi-conservative replication.
