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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?
What is the primary role of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?
Which structure represents condensed DNA?
Which structure represents condensed DNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA during replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA during replication?
What are nucleosomes primarily composed of?
What are nucleosomes primarily composed of?
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Which enzyme joins DNA fragments together during replication?
Which enzyme joins DNA fragments together during replication?
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Study Notes
DNA Structure Review
- Double Helix: Twisted ladder structure of DNA on a molecular level.
- Histone: Individual proteins.
- Nucleosome: Clusters of DNA wrapped around proteins.
- Chromatin: Less condensed DNA.
- Chromosome: Condensed DNA.
Anti-parallel DNA
- Reading direction: 5' to 3'.
- Anti-parallel means the two strands run in opposite directions.
DNA Replication Introduction
- Purpose: To create two sets of DNA for new cells during division.
- Phase: S phase of interphase.
- Result: Two identical strands of DNA are produced after replication.
Steps of Replication
- Helicase: Unzips DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds. DNA is naturally hydrophobic.
- Replication Fork: Region where DNA is unwound.
- Rotation: The replication fork rotates 180 degrees.
DNA Polymerase
- Binds to the original strand with the help of primase (signal markers).
- Creates and proofreads the new strand of DNA.
- The new strand complements the original strand.
Lagging and Leading Strand
- Leading strand: Made continuously.
- Lagging strand: Made in chunks (Okazaki fragments).
DNA Ligase
- Connects the bases in the new DNA strand.
Enzyme Review Table
- Enzyme: Helicase, Primase, DNA Polymerase, DNA Ligase
- Function: Unzips DNA, places primers, creates new strands, checks/proofreads DNA, connects strands.
DNA Replication Summary
- Semi-conservative: One strand of the new DNA is from the original, and the other is newly made.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of DNA structure and the replication process in this quiz. Understand key terms like double helix, nucleosomes, and the role of DNA polymerase in creating identical DNA strands. Test your knowledge on how DNA is unwound and replicated during cell division.
