DNA Structure and Organization
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary structure of DNA?

  • The DNA from 23 pairs of human chromosomes have a total length of approximately 1.74 meter
  • The sequence of bases determines the coding information of DNA (correct)
  • The cells in interphase contain two types of chromatin: Euchromatin and Heterochromatin
  • The two chains paired to each other & wind around a common axis to form right handed double helix

    • Who determined the secondary structure of DNA in 1953?

  • James Watson and Francis Crick (correct)
  • Enzymes & regulatory protein of replications and transcription
  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
  • Histones protein

    • What stabilizes the double helix of DNA?

  • Hydrogen bonds formed between a purine and pyrimidine base (correct)
  • Proteins involved in chromatin packing
  • G-C bonding with 3 hydrogen bonds
  • Partial denaturation of DNA strands

    • What is the role of the major and minor groove in DNA?

    <p>Spatial relationship between the two strands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histones in the chromatin network?

    <p>Proteins involved in chromatin packing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>Storage and expression of genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond links deoxyribonucleotides in DNA?

    <p>3'→5' phosphodiester bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, where is DNA primarily present?

    <p>Mainly in the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of DNA often compared to?

    <p>A twisted ladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the backbone of each DNA strand?

    <p>Alternating sugar-phosphate units (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is formed of 2 strands (chains) of ______

    <p>polynucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is a polymer of ______

    <p>deoxyribonucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alternating sugar-phosphate units form the ______ of DNA

    <p>backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of DNA ______

    <p>organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shape of DNA is like a twisted ______

    <p>ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Melting temp: The temperature at which one half of the double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands is called ________

    <p>melting temperature (Tm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural DNA Heating Annealing Partially separated DNA strands at 94o C, Cooling Completely separated DNA strands Denaturation and ________ of DNA

    <p>renaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DNA from 23 pairs of human chromosomes (22 autosomes + two sex chromosomes) have a total length of approximately 1.74 ________

    <p>meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The secondary structure of DNA was determined by James Watson and Francis Crick in ________

    <p>1953</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spatial relationship between the two strands in the helix creates Major groove & Minor ________

    <p>groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Structure

    • The primary structure of DNA is a double helix.
    • The secondary structure of DNA was determined by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
    • The double helix of DNA is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases.
    • The major and minor groove in DNA are formed due to the spatial relationship between the two strands in the helix, with the major groove being wider than the minor groove.

    Chromatin Structure

    • Histones play a crucial role in the chromatin network, forming a structure that allows for the compaction of DNA into the nucleus.

    DNA Function and Characteristics

    • The primary function of DNA is to store genetic information.
    • DNA is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides.
    • The alternating sugar-phosphate units form the backbone of each DNA strand.
    • DNA is formed of 2 strands (chains) of nucleotides.
    • The shape of DNA is often compared to a twisted ladder.
    • The concept of DNA is like a twisted staircase.

    DNA Melting and Annealing

    • The temperature at which one half of the double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands is called the melting temperature.
    • Denaturation and annealing of DNA occur during natural DNA heating and cooling processes.

    Human DNA

    • The DNA from 23 pairs of human chromosomes (22 autosomes + two sex chromosomes) have a total length of approximately 1.74 meters.

    DNA Bonds

    • Deoxyribonucleotides in DNA are linked by covalent bonds.

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    Test your knowledge on nucleosides, nucleotides, DNA structure, DNA packing in the nucleus, RNA structure, types and functions, and the differences between DNA and RNA.

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