Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Amino acid (correct)
In which cellular compartment would you find the genetic material of a prokaryotic organism?
In which cellular compartment would you find the genetic material of a prokaryotic organism?
- Golgi apparatus
- Cytoplasm (correct)
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
During DNA replication, guanine (G) forms a base pair with which other nitrogenous base?
During DNA replication, guanine (G) forms a base pair with which other nitrogenous base?
- Cytosine (C) (correct)
- Thymine (T)
- Adenine (A)
- Uracil (U)
What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?
What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the structure of DNA?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the structure of DNA?
Flashcards
What is DNA?
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for an organism's development and function. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
What are genes?
What are genes?
Segments of DNA that carry the instructions for a specific trait, such as eye color or hair texture.
What is DNA replication?
What is DNA replication?
The process of copying DNA to create two identical DNA molecules, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
What is Transcription?
What is Transcription?
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What is Translation?
What is Translation?
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Study Notes
DNA Structure and Function
- DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
- DNA is found in all cells, tightly packed within chromosomes in the nucleus
- Segments of DNA are genes
- DNA structure discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick
- DNA is made of repeating nucleotides
- Nucleotides consist of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and a base (A, T, C, G)
- Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
- The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the sides of the DNA "ladder," held together by hydrogen bonds
- DNA has a double helix structure
- DNA replication is necessary for cell division
DNA vs. RNA
- RNA has a single strand, unlike DNA's double helix
- RNA carries instructions from DNA to the ribosomes to build proteins
- Transcription converts DNA into mRNA (messenger RNA)
- Translation occurs when mRNA brings the genetic code to ribosomes for protein synthesis
Inherited vs. Acquired Traits
- Inherited traits (e.g., curly hair, blue eyes) are determined by genes
- Acquired traits (e.g., scars, tattoos) are not passed down genetically
Genetic Material Location
- Prokaryotic cells hold their genetic material in the cytoplasm
- Eukaryotic cells house their genetic material within a membrane-bound nucleus
Heredity
- Heredity is the passing of genetic instructions from one generation to the next
- Genes control inherited traits
- Heredity is driven by DNA
- Adenine always pairs with Thymine, which is bonded by two hydrogen bonds.
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